cpj0388.pdf

Media

Part of The Cooper Point Journal Volume 14, Issue 22 (April 24, 1986)

extracted text

page 16

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 17, 1986

Cooper Point Jqu

notebook

Issue No. 22

Correction: Native American Culturally Specific Alcohol Workshop held April 15 at 7 p.m . in CAB 110 was sponsored by the TESC Housing Dept., in cooperation
with the Northwest Indian Center and funded by the Washington Bureau of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, with special help from Richard Teboe, Native American
liason for The Evergreen State College.

Tonight, April 17
Thursday Night Films present "Broken Rainbow," 7 p.m., L.H. I. Cosponsored with the N.W. Indian Center, this academy award-winning documentary is about
the forced relocation of the Navajo from their native land, followed by a suspense classic starring Signore and Vera Clouzot. "Diaboloque" begins at 9:30. $1.50 admission.
Larry Everest, author of "Behind the Poison Cloud," will speak, noon, LIB Lobby. Sponsored by ECCO, call x6128 for details.
Mud Bay Jugglers, The Citizens Band and The Drummers will collaborate in a musical, theatrical production, 8 p.m., Experimental Theatre . Admission is $5 general;
$4 students; $3 seniors and kids 12 years old and under. Childcare will be provided.
Will Perry will tell stories, 5:30 p.m., COM 110.

Friday, April 18
Candlelight vigil in honor of the people killed in the Libyan massacre will be held, 8-9 p.m ., Sylvester Park in downtown Olympia.
Campus soccer league games begin, 4 p.m., campus playfields.
Campus basketball league begins, 6:30 p.m., Jefferson Gym.
Will Perry will hold a storytelling and ritual myth theater workshop, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., COM 117. Sliding scale fee from $9-$12. The workshop celebrates the Earth and
birth of mirth, exploring the role of storyteller as performer, shaman, poet, counselor, jester and friend. Call Innerplace, x6145, for reservations and info.
Golden Pheonix storyteller and court jester Will Perry will entertain, enliven and enlighten with his repertoire of tales from around the world , 8 p .m., COM 117. Sliding
scale fee from $2-$3. Call Innerplace for info., x6145.
Floyd Westerman and John Trudell will perform in a benefit concert, 7:30 p.m., LIB 4300. $3 donation. Sponsored by the Northwest Indian Center, proceeds go
for the pow-wow.
Deadline to apply for Olympia's" Music in the Park" program. Musicians, dancers and others are encouraged to apply by sending audition tapes and/or promotional
material to Music in the Park, Security Bldg. Suite 318, Olympia, WA 98501. Call Doug Holtry, 753-8183, for info.
Free Spring DJ Dance will be held, 9 p.m., Evergreen Downtown Activities Center, 5th & Cherry. Festivities include Evergreen alum Bruce Pavitt, author of the SUB/POP
USA column in the Rocket, plus four guest DJs spinning funk, punk, disco, soul and country music. Call GESCCO, x6512, for info.

Saturday, April 19
The Festival of New Growth will present a dinner for dancers and drums ,S p.m., Pavilion; and a grand entry for pow-wow , 8 p.m. Call the Northwest Indian Center,
x6105 for info.
Women's Carpentry and Coldfrllme Construction will be presented, 7-10 p.m., at an Olympia residence to be announced, as part of the Energy Outreach Center's
Women's Greenhouse Project. Call Priscilla Pierce for information, 943-4595.
Preventing child abuse and neglect forum will be held, 9 a.m.-I p.m., South Puget Sound Community College, Linwood Annex, 425 Linwood S.W., Tumwater. Forum
includes a keynote speech by Jim Teverbaugh, Executive Director of the Wa. Council for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, panel discussions with local professionals and officials, and short workshops on prevention strategies. Heartsparkle Players will perform. Light refreshments will be provided at no extra cost. For information on this free forum, and to reserve free childcare, call 352-3027. Sponsored by Family Friends, Thurston County Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, the
City of Oly ., South Puget Sound Com. Col., The Olympian, Mason-Thuston Community Action Council and local daycare and foster parents.
Bert Wilson, nationally acclaimed saxophonist and composer, will play "his fiery vision of jazz," 8 p.m., Recital Hall. Advance tickets are available at Yenney's Music,
The Bookmark and the Evergreen Bookstore. Cost is $4 students, seniors and card-carrying alumni; $6 general. Make reservations by calling 866-6833. Sponsored
by Patrons of South Sound Cultural Activities .
The Market Theater presents "Outcast of the Islands," Carol Reed's compelling adaptation of the Joseph Conrad story about a Malayan island manhunt, starring
Ralph Richardson, Trevor Howard and Wendy Hiller, noon, Market Theatre, Pike Place Market, Seattle. $4 ticket includes admission to the Aquarium's Pacific Coral
Reef exhibit. The show also plays noon Sunday.

,Vol. No. 14

April 24, 1986

Deans recomendations spark campus conflict
Protest held

Plan debated

by Maggie Murphy
Native American, Third World
and White students gathered at Red
Square II a. m. Tuesday and charged Evergreen with racism. The Northwest Indian Center organized the
gathering to protest administrative
actions. They said the administration
asked the Native American Studies
program to change their structure:
Vice President and Provost Patrick
Hill stipulated Native American
faculty member David Whitener
teach outside the Native American
St udies program, in order to get a
contract renewal. Also protested was
the nonrenewal of Black faculty
member Bill Brown's contract.
The protest began to the beat of
a drum as over 100 protesters climbed the c1ocktower stairs and chanted
a Native American honor song while
clapping their hands. Protesters
crowded into the hall outside Hill's
door. When the drumbeat stopped,
Hill invited everyone into the Board
of Trustees meeting room.
Les Rhoades, one of the coordinators for the Northwest Indian
Center, read a letter drafted by
members of the center.
The letter addresses the following:
"TESC is built on traditional
Squaxin Nation Land.
"TESC utilizes 'Multi-Cultural'

by Maggie Murphy

phow by Nancy Harrer

Old phrase raises new points as students express disaproval of administration's decision.
"According to the Webster's New
perspectives in gaining students, funEuro-American standards on it,and
Collegiate Dictionary's definition of
ding and general support.
has never had Indian people in
racism, TESC is at the very least in"TESC is questioning the
significant administrative positions
stitutionally racist.
academic integrity of Native
or any special admissions or retenAmerican Studies.
tion program geared for Indian peo"Indian people, utilizing different
"TESC has yet to commit to the ple or people of color and has not approaches, have struJ!Rled for
Longhouse Project.
acknowleged the steady decline of sovereignty and/or self qetermina"TESC although claiming comIndian students to no more than 30 tion for 200 years. This applies 10
" education as well. ..
mitment to Native American
on three campuses.
philosophies, faculty and students,
"In the past month there have
After Rhoades read the leiter. he
has in reality consistently tried to ...
been four incidents where Indian
requested the administration give a
undermine the Native American
women have been called or referred
see Protest page 14
Studies program by trying to impose
to as 'squaws. '

Native
American
faculty
members were honored by President
Olander Monday, April 14 at the
opening ceremonies of the Festival
of New Growth, when he expressed
his appreciation of their contributions to t he college. That same day
Vice President and Provost, Patrick
J. Hill, gave faculty David
Whitener, a Native American, notice
that he would receive an extension
of his current one year contract, and
remain on academic warning, instead of receiving the usual three
year contract renewal. Whitener is
coordinator for "Life Compositions," the Native American St udies
program, and was placed on warning last year according to a
memorandum witten by Hill.
This one year reappraisal extension was recommended by the deans
because of "specific problems " they
see in the quality of education received by the students enrolled in "Life
Compositions," and what they see
as Whitener's contribution to these
problems.
These problems are philosophically based and complex. To explain
them, Whitener began by outlining
important aspects of a Native
see "Ian page 4

Sunday, April 20
"Alive in Olympia" features Celtic fiddler Dale Russ and comedy by the Mysterious Radio Players, 7-8:30 p.m. To get your free tickets to the show in the Recital
Hall, call KAOS, x6822. Or tune-in to KAOS, 89.3 FM.
First Annual "Spring Celebration" kicks off National YWCA Week. Garden tour begins at II a:m. Brunch, auction and plant sale will be in the Olympia Hotel Ballroom.
Cost is $12 per person; $20 per couple. Tickets are available only before the event at the YWCA, Pat's Bookery and Yenney's Music Store. For info. call Oly. YWCA,
352-0593.
Northwest Chamber Orchestra performs the Antonio Vivaldi classic, "The Four Seasons," 7 p.m., Wa. Center for the Performing Arts. Ticket prices are $20, $17.50
and $15 general; $18, $15 and $7 .50 seniors and students. Tickets are available at the Wa. Center Box Office, 512 S. Washington street, Yenney's and the Bookmark,
South Sound Center. Call the Washington Center Box Office, 753-8586, for info,

,

Letters attack U. s.
bombing of Libya

Monday, April 21
WashPIRG refunds are available thro"ghout the week for students not wishing to support the group, 11 a.m.-I p.m., CAB Lobby. ID is required. Call WashPIRG,
x6058, or stop by SEM 4158 for information.
Eliminating self-defeating behavior workshop begins, 3:30-5 p.m., LIB 2218.
Presenting your best self: communication skills workshop will be led by Shary Smith and Kathy O'Brien, Mondays, 3-5 p.m., LIB 2220.
Vietnam Veterans Support Group starts, 1-3 p.m. Contact the TESC Counseling Center, x6800, for information.
Workshop for students interested in the computer science field will be held, 1-3 p.m. , L.H. 5. A panel of Evergreen graduates who are employed in the computer
sciences will discuss their work. Contact Career Development Office, x6193, for info.
State Theater presents "Siddhartha," a movie about the search for self-realization and fulfillment that took place in India twenty-five centuries ago, 6:30 and 9 p.m.,
State Theater, 204 E. 4th Ave" Oly, Tickets are $2.50 for Olympia Film Society members and seniors; $4 for non-members. Call the Oly. Film Society, 754-6670,
for information.

by Tracy Gibson
Frustration was high among the
13 students who came last week to
the President's Student Forum, only
to learn that President Olander -- for
the fourth time this year -- was
unable to attend.

Tuesday, April 22
A three-part class on reducing stress through better communication will be held, April 22, 29 and May 6, 7-10 p.m., St. Peter Hospital Fitness Center. Rick Kramer,
communication training consultant, will teach the class. The cost of the program is $26. Pre-register by ca lling St. Peter Hospital Public Relations Department, 456-7247.
Dream group will meet Tuesdays, 3-5 p.m., LIB 2218.
WashPIRG refunds will be availablethrough Thursday for students wishing not to support the group, II a.m.-I p.m., CAB Lobby, and through Thursday 5-7 p.m.,
LIB Lobby. Ca ll WashPIRG, x6058, or stop by SEM 4158 for info.
Opportunities for Summer employment with WashPIRG will be discussed, 10 a .m., I p.m. and 3 p.m., CAB 110. Interviews will be held, 10 a .m. -5 p .m. Sign up
for interviews in Career Development Office, LIB 1213.
Women's Residential Solar Design Workshop, the third in a series of greenhou se construction classes, will focus on usi ng passive so lar energy in the design stage,
7-10 p.m., South Sound Com. Col., B1dng . 22, Rm. 122 , Cost is $5 per class or $20 for series.
Planning and instruction session for Mt. Elinor Climb will be held, 5:'30 p.m " CAB 14. Co ntact th e people in CRC 302 for info.

Wednesday, April 23
Interviews for people interested in working full-time for WashPIRG will be held , 10 a.m,-2 p.m" CAB 110. Sign up for interviews in the Career Dcvelopment Office.
LI B 1213. Ca ll WashPI RG, x6058, for info.
Young Womens' Christian Association will have their annual meeting, 6-8 p.m., The Tastee Crumb , 517 E . Legion Way. Champagne and hors d'oeuvres will be served.
Donation $4.25. Reservations are required by April 21. Ca ll 352-0593. State Rep. Jolene Unsoeld will speak about "Women and Washington Economy."

Thursday, April 24
Concerned about nuclear waste in Washington? Come to an informational meeting on WashPIRG's proje<:!> ror this quarter, noon , CAB 108. Refreshments will be served. Call WashPIRG, x6058, or stop by
SEM 4158 for info.
Two-day Diabetes Education Program for diabetics of all ages and their family will be held, April 24 ar,d
25.8 a.m,-3 p.m., St. Peter Hospital, Room 203, Designed to help people effectively manage their disease,
the class is presented by a team of physicians, nurses and dieticians. Tuition is $25; one family member
or support person may come free. Register by calling SI. Peter Hospital Staff Development, 456-7383.
Jonathan Glanzberg and Steve Munger will play jazz and blues, 8 p.m.-12 a.m., Capital Bar & Grill.
Learn how to curb your monthly electric bill, 7:30-9 p.m., Rochester High School library on Hwy. 12
(exit 88 off 1-5). For information call Priscilla Pierce, 943-4595.
Thursday Night Films presents "Persona," Ingmar Bergmans's most intense and complete work concerning human relation s and self-reliance, starring Liv Vilman and Bibi Andersson, 7 and 9:30 showtimes,
L. H. I. Admission is $1.50. Free childcare provided at the Parents center for the 7 p.m. show.
Toddler topics will be discussed, 7-9 p .m., Old Wa. School. $4 fee must be paid to Oly. Parks and Recreation Office, 1314 E . 4th Ave., prior to attending class. Ca ll Oly. Parks and Rec., 753-8380, for info.

..

Ed Arnone, city editor for The Olympian,
will be leading a lecture and workshop on "The Role of
the Editor" and mistakes writers often make. The
workshop will be held in the Cooper Point Journal office, CAB 306A, 1 p.m. Friday, April 18. All interested
students are invited to attend.
Arnone's is third in a series of Friday workshops sponsored by the CPJ which will bring professional journalists
to campus to discuss the mechanics of their trade. Watch
for future announcements, and think about writing for
your college newspaper- The CPJ needs writers and
photographers.

Students start a chain letter in reaction to attack on Libya.

pholo by Jennifer Lewis

President, students miss Forum
by Bob Baumgartner
Students held a letter writing campaign outside the library building at
noon, Thursday, April 17 , to protest
the United States' air strike against
Libya.
Paul Gallegos, the student who
announced the campaign during the
rally Tuesday, said about 250 letters
were written to President Reagan
within two and one-half ·hours. By
4:30, 350 letters were ' written to
President Reagan, and 250 letters,
urging friends to write the president,
were ready to send.
"I didn't need to convince

THE EVERGREEN
STATE COLLEGE
Olympia, WA 98505

anybody," Gallegos said. "They all
wanted to write, and I think it was
nice the student organizations provided the materials."
However, there was some opposition to the campaign . When
Gallegos asked one student if he
wanted to write a letter to the president, the student commented that he
was ready to die. While passing,
anotJler student removed the sign announcing the event.
When asked why he wanted to get
a large number of students to write
letters denouncing the Reagan Administration's policy, Gallegos said

he wanted to send a letter, but was
frustrated about the lack of effect
one letter would have. "If we did it
together," he said, "we'd realize it
wasn't just one letter."
The Parents' Center provided
about 3000 envelopes; the Women's
Center provided paper; and the
Peace and Connict Resolution
Center provided 2500 copies of a
form letter for students to send to
friends to get them to write the president.
To express concern about the libyan bombing, write Ronald
Reagan, The White House,
Washington D.C.; 20500.

The president was detained at a
Foundation Board of Governors'
meeting which ran over by one hour.
Because he couldn't attend Wednesday's 3 p.m. meeting, Olander
-- at the request of students in attendance -- scheduled another forum
for Wednesday, April 30 at 3 p.m.
Gail Martin, vice president for
students affairs, who had come to
the meeting "to take notes" and see
that issues within her jurisdiction
were dealt with, ended up discussing
complaints with the students who
came.
Students said there were issues
they wanted to discuss with the president which they felt Martin couldn't
adequately address. But they did
bring concerns: about security being
too visible or not visible enough;
about the need for a new selection
process for S&A Board mem bers
and co-ordinators of student
organizations; about processes for
enhancing student, faculty and administration communication; and
about ways to make academic advising a better service for students.

"I would lik e to be able to talk to
the president of the college," said
one disappoi nted student. "Now it',
April, The next meeting is in May,
the next one after I graduate, I say
something in May and it won't be
done before I leave."
After the Foundation meeting was
over, Olander carne in and apologi zed for not being able to attend the
forum. "I can only be in onc
place at one time," he explained. He
then left for a meeting off campus.
"When meetings are set so far in
advan.:e, crucial things come up. "
sa id Rita Grace, secretary to the
president. When the president first
started his Wednesday meetings with
groups from campus he said he
would have meetings if he was in
town and available," she added.
The students at t he meeting felt
the sparse attendance was due to in adequate pUblicity. Memos are sent
out, but students living off campus
don't get them . The meeting is listed
in Happenings and the Cooper Point
Journal is supposed to announce it,
but it was forgotten last week. One
student suggested sending memos in
student bills, and other students felt
that there needed to be posters.
Lincoln Post, a student at the
meeting, volunteered to help with
publicity for future meetings. He
wants to put up signs to "help fight
the apathy."
These students hope their actions
will encourage others to attend the
next meeting.

NONPROFIT ORG .
u ,S.POSTAGE
PAID
OLYMPtA. WA
PERMIT NO .M

April 24, 1986
page 2

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 24, 1986

photo by Jenn irer Lewis

R. C. Shelby, KAOS disc jocky, makes community announcements.

Speaker blames Union Carbide
by John Kaiser

estimates of the dead range from
5,000 to 10,000 while most people
think at least 5,000 died . .
Everest charges that Union Carbide deliberately misled medical
authorities in Bhopal on exactly
what toxins escaped . Company officials insisted that only methyl isocyanate (M1C) was released. But
doctors found solid evidence of
cyanide poisining among many of
the victims.
Sodium thiosu lphat e, an antidote
to cyanide poi soning, was bcing successfully administered to patients
before Union Carbide and the Indian government suppressed the
treatment. Denying that cyanide
escaped, Union Carb ide advised
against use of the antidote . Many
lives could have been saved had the
treatment continued, Everest said.
Everest sa id he believes that Union
Carbide didn't want cyanide linked
to its multi-million dollar pesticide
production. The Bhopal plant, now
closed, manufactured pesticides for
use on I ndian fields.
Union Carbide Cha irman Warren
Anderson said, "The corporation
did nothing that either caused or
cant ributed tot he accident." They
blame their Indian subsidary, Union
Carbide of India , Ltd. for its failure
to effectively lise sophisticated
technology.
Ever est point s out that the stan da rd safel Y lechnolog y fo und a l
ot her Union Carbide plants in
France and the Uniled States wa s
mi ss in g in India. "AI Bhopa l the
wo rk ers were th e kak det ector, ,"
sa ys Everes l, ciling an operating
manual thai read s , "IJ udur or eye
irrilalion is IlUl deteeled, Ih e MIC is
1101 pre.~e l/l. " All sa fet y in struCli o ll s

Union Carbide bypassed standard
safety precautions at its plant in
Bhopal, India causing the worst industrial accident in history and then
attempted to deny their responsibility . That's the charge Larry Everest
makes in his book "Behind Ihe
Poison Cloud," a hard hilling account of Union Carbide 's role in
what he calls "a criminal massacre."
Everest spoke at Evergreen on
Thursday, April 17 as part of a
speaking lour of his jusl released
book.
The release of more than 40 tons
of deadly gases occurred on
December 2, 1984, killing as many as
10,000 people and injuring
thousands more.Two months later,
Everest traveled to India to spend six
weeks investigating the incident
through interviews with Union Car·
bide officia ls , plant workers, doctors, scientist, Indian government
official s and Bhopal slum dwellers.
Everest's investigation revealed
what he believed was "a mammot h
cover-up involving Un ion Carbide,
Ihe U.S. chemical inqmtry, the U .S .
media and the U.S . government. "
Th e truth behind the exact nature of
the rel ea se, Ihe cause of the accident
and the number of victims wa s con ceal ed to protect and enhance the
po wer of multinational corporation s
o pera ting in Third World countries ,
L-.ve re,1 a rgiles.
" W e ju st can' l let Uni o n C arbid e
gel by with Iheir explanalion of wha l
ha p pcncd, " Evcrest said .
Th e Indi a n G overnm e nl say'
1,754 pcop lc di ed. Union Ca rbid e
p ri va lely ad mil s Ih al 2,5 00 p;o pl e
ma y ha ve d ied . E ve re" , a id Jlo pular

were written in English; most of the
workers understood only Hindi.
There weren't any sensory in struments to warn of a leak. Three
hours elapsed from tbe start of the
accident to the critical point when
workers realized the M IC tank was
about to explode. "Their problem
wasn't too much technology; it was
not enough," Everest said.
Unable to explain exact ly how the
release occurred, Union Carbide
said anti-American terrorists may
have sabotaged the plant. The company wrote in a July 1985 affidavit
that "A group oj Indian Sikh ex-

tremiSls calling itself 'Black June'
has claimed re;ponsibilily Jor Ihe accident. " But no one had ever heard
of such a group and no organization
publicly claimed any responsibility,
writes Everest. "Their charges of
sabotage are entirely groundless," he
adds.
Everest argues that the "green
revolution" of abundant pesticides,
fertilizers
and
agribusiness
technology has plunged many Third
World countries into bankruptcy,
env ironmenta l degradation and fur Iher dependence on the West.

Should KAOS, a publi c radio sta·
tion licensed to TESC and located on
the Evergreen campu s, remain at
1500 walls of power and possibly be
crowded off the air? Or should the
college appl y to the FCC for a power
increase ? KAOS station manager
Michael H unt s berger says the
future of public radio and especially KAOS is being challenged by commercial st a tion s who wan l to extend
their signal s into the airwaves nolV
reserved for public broadcastin g.
Broadcasting al 89.3 FM with
1500 wall s from a transmitter atop
Ihe C AB buildin g , th e slation
reach el li sten ers in a 10 10 15 mile
radiu , aro und Evergreen . Hunt sbe rge r sa id , " The sig nal is suffi c ient, bUI ma rgina l. There are holes
suc h a s downt o wn , I he Lacey·
Ol ympia ho unda ry , a nd east of
Olympia, that can'l receive our
signal. "
Hunt s berger , in a propo;alLD th e
Communication s and S&A Boards,
has recommended that the college
file for a minimum power increase
10 3000 wallS.
" This would fill in the holes in the
O lympia area, and would be a protection for the future operation of
t he station," he said.
According to Huntsberger, the
Federal Communications Commission, which controls the allocation
of all radio and television space, has
stated that by February of 1987, all
non-commercial broadcasting
should be frozen at their present
power level and location. Any unused air space now allocated for public
broadcasting would be open to commercial interests.
"I f commercial broadcasting
moved into the open spaces with

stronger signals, we could be left
with a station no one could hear; and
that would be a waste of all the work
and money that has gone into
KAOS , " he said .
A ll egra Hinkle, head of Ihe Communications Board, said that Ihe
board was generally in agreement
with Hunt s berger and would present
the proposal to Presid ent Olander
and the Board of Trustees . Hinkle
said, "There is some qu estion of
how this proposal would fit
academically. "
"Once we have appro val for Ihe
proj ect, we need to rai se $8,000 for
an engineering stud y and to have the
application professionally prepared .
T hi s would give us a reaso nabl y
goo d chance of bein g a cce pt ed,"
Huntsberger said . The m o ney could
come from th e S& A Bo ard, College
com e from the S&A Board, coll ege
admini s tration
and
dire e l
An increa se in power wo uld mean
moving the transmitler and a ntenna.
HUllt s berger said Iran smill crs are
not usually placed on lOP o f
buildings, "You find a hill. W e
could possibly lease space on an existing tower," he said.
Cost to upgrade the station could
run $50,000 to $60,000. "At least
half of that could be raised from
listeners and Friends of Public
Broadcasting. We would work closely with the College Development Office for matching funds," Huntsberger said.
"There are some serious longterm fears about public broadcast
policy or financial aid from the
federal government. We can either
secure our position now or have a
radio station no one can hear in five
years. The cosi is cheap,"
Huntsberger said.

Student makes finals
Susan Cohen, an Evergreen student in the Masters of Public Administration program, is one of 18
finalists for a Congressional
Fellowship for Women in Public
Policy. Out of 250 applicants,
Cohen and other finalists were
selected on the basis of academic
qualification, and also by a 1500
word essay each submitted. The
essay was to answer the question:
"What experiences led you to compare the female and male status in
the United States and in policies affecting women?"
Cohen, originally from Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, has been a
resident of Olympia for four years.
She is in her second year of the MPA
program, and, in addition, works on
campus with the Washington State
Institute for Public Policy. She,
along with the other finalists, will be
interviewed on Saturday, April 23,
in San Francisco. The final decision
will be announced by May 1. The

rB urger

award is one academic year of study
in Washington, D.C., working in a
congressiona l office.
The fellowship is offered by the
Women's Research and Educational
Institute (WREI) in conjunction
with the Women's Studies Program
and Policy Center of George
Washington University. The program is designed to encourage more
effective participation by women in
the formation of public policy at all
levels. In addition, the program
seeks to increase understanding that
issues often defined as "women's

,

\

Films, speakers, energy exhibits
and children's events will all be part
of the Fi fth Annual Earth Fair,
slated for Saturday, April 26, at T he
Evergreen State College.
The free event takes place on the
Main Campus Plaza from 10 a.m.
to 5 p.m. Speakers David Haenke
and Lloyd Marbett will highlight
festivities on the main stage. Haenke
is coordinator of the annual North
American bio-regional conference,
while Marbett has earned a regional
reputation as a provocative antinuclear and environmental activist.
His group, "Forelaws on Board,"
has successfullly blocked construction of a nuclear power plant in
eastern Oregon as well as conducting
an initiative campaign that resulted
in an Oregon state law that prohibits
construction of any new nuclear
plants until there is a federally licensed waste repository.
Haenke speaks on the main stage
at noon and Marbett a t 2 p.m. Their
talks will be preceded and followed
by musicians including "Clear Blue
Sky," Paul Prince, "All Life is
Equal," Tracy Spring and Brett
Redfern .
A forum on the proposed
moratorium of the harvest of old
growth trees in the Northwest takes
place in the CAB from 10:30 a.m.
10
12:30 p.m.
Meanwhile,
Evergreen's Affirmative Action Officer Margarita Mendoza de

1

I,
\

by Duane Anderson
People gathered to walk in memory
of JoAnne Jirovec at 4p.m. Monday, April 21. The walk, and a
potluck that followed, was organized by Rita Pougiales, Ellie Dornan,
Marilyn Frasca and Kate Crowe.
The group, most of whom had accompanied JoAnne on similar walks
and jogs around campus, walked
from Red Square and down the
Organic Farm path, They stopped at

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by Paul Tyler
One of the speakers at this year's
Earth Fair will be Lloyd Marbett.
Marbett has been active in antinuclear and enviro nmental politics
in Oregon for over 10 yeaFS. His successes in these fields have made him
a hero in the eyes of many of his supporters, mostly grass-roots en vironmentalists, and a villain in the
eyes of hi s detractors, corporate executives and the establishment press.
Working with his group,
"Forelaws on Board," Marbell's
first project was to prevent the construction of a nuclear power plant in
eastern Oregon. After several years
of attending hearings of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission and Oregon
Public Ut ilit ies Commission in
which the group challenged the
economy and sanity of the project
at every opportunity, the application
was withdrawn.
In 1980 Marbell and hi s supporters decided to challenge the

In 1984, Marbett and his troops
circulated anolher petition. This one
was to force a toxic waste dump to
be moved away from the Willamette
River.
The dump belongs 10 Teledyne-

No Smoking signs may be appropriale in certain area s to keep
people from smoking, but we've
discovered that "No Swallows "
sign s do not deler these feathered
friends from nesting and pestering in
front of the Library and the CAB.
So we've consu lted an expert. Ornithologist Steve_Herman has given
us some innovati ve methods for bird
relocation that we will be implementing this year. None of these
methods are harmful for birds or
humans , but are genlly persuasive
means of encouraging the birds to
nest elsewhere on campus rather
than the main entry to our largest
and most used building.

(1yle Bush !J~faNERS "'

II will aClually look like wc're having a party for the bird s at the
Library entrance! Large, shiny ,
aluminum fo il balloons filled with
helium will bounce merrily along the
Library overhang . Music will be provided by nylon strings stretched
across Ihe waffle-iron style ce iling.
The birds will come to listen to th e
music and dance, but Ihey won'l stay
to build t heir home, and start
familie s. (So we ' re told b y Dr.
Herman)
If you have any 4ucslion abOUI
the effectiveness of thi s melh a d ,
please don'l conlaCI Facilities l C all
Sieve Herman and he' ll explain th e
source aml lh e reason for Ihis idea .
Next year Stcve hopes 10 ha ve an
academic prugram es tabli ~ h e d Iu
study the swa llows, their problel1l '
with relocated housin g , new jo b o p·
POriUllilie, and olh e r hird-cent e red
matters .

Siudenls caughl looking at last year's swallows.

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During his campaign Marbell also
went on a two-week fast on the
streets of downtown Portland to
draw attention to the issues, and ran
for U.S. Congress against Al U lman ,
C hairman of the House Ways and
Means Committee. Marbett ran as
an independent, and rece ived 5 percent of the vote. This eliminated the
margin that Ulman needed to win,
and threw the election to his
opponent.

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Wah Chang, a major manufacturel
of zirconium in the western world .
Zirconium is essential to the opera tion of a ll large-scale, elec tri c ity.producing nuclear reactors. The law
passed, but the Oregon Supreme
Court overturned it. This year,
Marben is reintroducing the bill, but
with the loopholes closed.
He is also circulating a pet ilion
that would limit the amount a
nuclear waste that can be stored at
the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. If
the law passes, the plant would have
to cease operations in the near
future.
Lloyd Marbell is a driven man,
dedicated to the defense of the en·
vironment, grassroots democracy,
and the rights of all living things. He
is loved and ha ted. Respected and
scorned . He is always provocative
and challenging.
Marbeu's talk, from 2-3 p.m., will
focus on a proposed intiative to the
sta le of Washington to c reate a
superfund for toxic wast e c leanup.

Swallows peacefully moved

We carry a
complete line
skateboards and
acceSSOrIes 357 ·4755

nuclear industry through the electoral process. They circulated three
initiative petitions in Oregon. One,
a law to prevent the construction of
any new nuclear plants until their is
a
federally
li censed
waste
respository, made it onto the ballot
and became state law. .

the farm to look at some ducks, then
couldn't decide how to return to
campus. Someone said, "We need
JoAnne to tell us which way to go.
She would tell us."
They walked slowly back for the
5 p.m. potluck, held in CAB 110.
After a half hour of eating and conversing, they presented slides and a
movie of a 1979 Rogue River raft
trip. Lynn DeDanaan and Sally
Cloninger put together the
25-minute show. People responded
with loud laughter and applause.
Spirits were high.
After the presentation, which
brought JoAnne's actions and smiling face back for a few moments,
JoAnne's spir it seemed to be there
in the g lowin g faces of those
reminiscing and telling stories about
her.
Maxine Mimms talked about how
JoAnne was a large piece o f our
historical memory for the institution , and now she's gone.
JoAnne was with Evergreen for 16
years: since the beginning.
She' ll be missed by many.

Call for Appointment.

Prices effective with any beverage purchase,
JO in

Earth Fair concludes with a Night
Celebration Dance from 9 p.m. to
I a.m. in the CAB. Adm ission is $3
for community members and free
for students. Earth Fair '86 is sponsored by Evergreen's Environmental Resource Center, Greenet and the
Peace and Con fl ict Resol ut ion
Center. Ca ll 866-6000, x6784 .

Olympials Color Specialists

5:00 to 7:00 pm
San Francisco State
University

Face-painting, story-tel ling,
origami, balloons and games will we
waiting for kids at Earth Fair, while
fai r-goers of all ages will enjoy the
many arts and crafts tables, food
booths and energy exhibits .

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From the Classic to
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Earth Fair's free film festival
begins at 10 a.m. with "Thunder in
the Sky," followed by "Forgotten
Fundamentals of the Energy Crisis"
at II a.m., "Before the Mountain
was Moved" at noon, "The Fragile
Mountain" at 1 p.m., "The Great
Northwest: How Much Longer?" at
2 p.m., "Multiply and Subdue the
Earth" at 3 p.m., and "Time of
Man" at 4 p.m. All films will be
shown in Lecture Hall 5.

>

t7

~

Sugiyama will lead a seminar on
cult ural diversity in Lecture Hall 2.
A workshop on recycling energy and
solar demonstrations will be held by
the Energy Outreach Center in CAB
108 from 3-5 p .m. "Free Food ," a
play about lifestyle s and environmental awareness by student
Mark Levine, will be performed at 3
p.m. in Lecture Hall 2.

Friend remembered on walk

issues," are, in fact. Hhuman issues"
of importance to both women and
men.

page 3

Earth Fair celebrates art and technology theme
Saturday'S events No-nuke activist to speak

KAOS wants more watts in order to compete
by Margaret Livingston

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

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26
mental Resource Center

April 24, 1986
page 4

THE COOPER POINT IOURNAL

Plan

pie, and entrust responsibility to
them they get more in terms of a
valuable education.
A key distinction in the
pedagogical philosophies lies in the
deans' belief that a student should
be "awarded" credit based on his or
her performance . Whitener's approach to credit is that· faculty do
not "award" them, but rather
students actively generate them.
This is not the first time Native
American Studies has come under
fire . When Native American Studies
was first concei ved by the late Mary
Hillaire, it was not a coordinated
studies program . .
Hillaire sponsored individuallearning contracts as a way of providing
students a self-directed learning
base. At this time, the majority of
students were Native Americans . As
interest grew Hillaire increased her
contract load to accomodate each
new student. Many of the new
students were White. At one point
Hillaire sponsored approximately
100 contracts. The deans took action
against Hillaire for this, and an attempt was made to fire her.
As a result a coordinated Native
American studies program was
developed . Faculty Betsy Diffendal,
Maxine Mimms, Lovern King,
David Whitener and Hillaire began
the first program.
Mimms, now director of the
Tacoma program, said recently that

GRAPHICS

"Evergreen has a history of very bad
manners, and a lack of cammon
courtesy. Hillaire was the Native
American Studies program and then
she passed it on to Whitener. Now,
Whitener is being asked to change."
Perkins said he sees the college
working toward an institution that
provides cultural diversity, and he
would like to see more Native
American faculty hired. According
to Perkins any sort of revisions in
the Native American Studies program would be in keeping with
Evergreen's alternative style. He said
as far as the waiting list goes, a 24
to 1 student/faculty ratio is appropriate for individually working
with students. "The Native
American Studies program should
work within this boundary," he
added.
Currently the program asks that
students, at the beginning of each
quarter, propose what they will learn
and how they will learn it. Faculty
and student individually discuss the
proposal. Continuing students
receive informal student/faculty
evaluation at the end of the quarter
and a formal evaluation at the end
of the year. All students receive
evaluations when they exit the
program .
Many students in "Life Compositions" disagree with Perkin's assessment of the need for program
revisions.
Mandy Goldberg, a student in the
program, said, "Life Compositions

has allowed m.e t xplore my potential. It is precise y the way the program is structured, or not, that helps
me to do this. We come together
each week and discuss our progress
and at the end of the quarter we give
presentations of our projects."
Golberg's project includes working with refugees in the Olympia
area, She teaches English as a Second Language and works at the
Refugee Center' with Cambodians.
She also works at the Parents
Center. Goldberg is drawing from
seven texts and she has a conference
with her faculty, Lloyd Colfax, each
week.
"It infuriates me when people
think it's a blow-out program. We
work harder than most students
because we're studying things relevant to our lives. 'Life Composition's' process and structure is the
cultural difference. The changes the
deans are demanding will rob
everything that makes the program
culturally based . This is racist,"
Goldberg said.
Hill states, in his memo, "The
primary basis for David's renewal
will be the reports of the colleagues
in his team and that of his dean . ..
The institution is asking Whitener
to change his ways and evolve current practices in the Native
American Studies program to create
a new arrangement. That new arrangement asks Whitener to teach
outside his program. He is being asked to learn how to structure a pro-

Vigil honors Libyan dead
by John Thomas Malone

Jim Casey, feature editor for The Olympian, will be
here to share his knowledge of graphics, layout and page
design. The workshop will be held in the Cooper Point
Journal office, CAB 306A, / p.m. Friday, April/B. All
interested people are invited to attend.
Casey's visit is the fourth in a series of Friday
workshops sponsored by the CPJ which will bring professional journalists ta campus to discuss the mechanics
of the trade.
Watch for future announcements, and think about
writing news for your college newspaper/ writing
poetry, or creating short stories for Ari~

Fall '86 CPJ editor position open
Tired of sitting in a classroom learning things? Are
you ready for excitement, adventure and travel
through miles of student writing? Would you like
to be the hub of information for this campus, and
liv e a rich and ful filling life vicariously? Then the
Cooper Point Journal needs you.
Applications for the 1986-'87 academic year CPJ
editor position can be obtained from Allie Hinkle
in Media Loan LIB 2302, or call x6249. A complete
list of editor's duties are available in the CPJ office,
CAB 306 A.
1818 evergreen pk. dr.

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gram to meet the institution's
wishes. Perkins thinks Whitener
needs to assume more appropriate
faculty responsibility. This would include "award" of credit through
evaluation of student work, and
award of credit both for those subjects he is competent to teach and for
which expert advice of other faculty is needed.
Whitener contends he already
assumes faculty responsibility.
Hill states, in his memo, he plans
to charge a study group to look at
the Native American Studies program . "The motivation for a study
group .. . differs, .. the memo says.
"The deans see a host of problems
which they believe undermine the
quality and effectiveness of the
college.
"The concerned faculty think the
deans are unperceptive and want to
generate a dialogue and expect to be
vindicated. From an institutional
point of view, there is an overwhelming reason for a study group: the
program most popular with our student body ... is held in low regard or
contempt by large numbers of our
faculty. "
Whitener sees the college as participating in unconscious institutional racism.
At this point Dean John Perkins,
faculty member David Whitener,
Provost Patrick Hill, and many concerned students are hopeful that
negotiations will create a program
that can accomodate and satisfy all.

photo by Jennifer lewis

A silent cro ....d mourns for the casualties of the U. S. attack on Libya.

A silent remembrance for those
people killed in the Libyan air strikes
took place Friday, April 18 in the
form of a candlelight vigil from 8 to
9 p.m. Nearly 100 people gathered
in a growing circle of glowing lights
in downtown Olympia's Sylvester
Park for the vigil organized by
Cathy Slagle, a resident of Olympia.
Slagle said that once she "realized the significance of our country
taking lives," she "had to have a
way to channel her feelings for the
massacre." Realizing that the rally
'held at TESC Tuesday, April 15, for
the crisis was "mostly an intellectual
thing," she noted she wanted to express her sentiments on a more
spiritual plane.
Cathy Slagle asked for and received permIssIon from Capital
Buildings and Grounds for the
event, then printed and distributed
300 flyers around Olympia announcing the vigil. The Food Co-Op
donated candles and matches, which
the many people who came without
candles well appreciated. Slagle said,
" It took a lot of work, and I'm
thankful that many came. I just
needed to have a public space to
share my feelings silentl y."

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Spring / Summer / Fall / Winter
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SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064
(408) 429-2761

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

•

page 5

Qp-InIOnS

from page J

American learning philosophy.
"Native American Studies
operates with a concept of 'hospitality.' Hospitality denies no one the
educational opportunity they seek,"
Whitener said .
Last year, when a 24 to I student/faculty ratio was reached in
"Ceremonies" (last year's Native
American Studies program), the
deans' blocked new student enrollment by imposing a waiting list.
Whitener took objection to the
waiting list because "a waiting list
is counter to the Native American's
educational learning philosophy."
He said, "The program's attendance
grows each quarter as other programs finish and students approach
us with individual learning ideas they
can't pursue elsewhere."
When students become selfdirected and voice interest in pursuing an individually based educational
process, Native American Studies
enables them to assume responsibility for what they learn, Whitener
said. This responsibility is being
directly challenged by the deans.
In Whitener's faculty evaluation,
Dean John Perkins stated, "1 do not
support your concept of an instructional program ." Perkins said he
does not believe it is appropriate to
transfer total responsibility for
education, including the setting of
standard s and expectations, to the
st udent.
Whitener says if you liberate peo-

'iT- .

•

April 24, 1986

Students seek bridges with Central America
by Sean Sinclair
lri the early 1960's, when the U.S.
military involvement in Vietnam was
escalating, the number of North
American citizens visiting Indochina
was minimal as was the number of
Vietnamese who visited the United
States. This lack of cultural and
political exchange exacerbated the
chasm of misunderstanding about
the nature of the Vietnamese conflict; a chasm symbolized by the
wide Pacific Ocean that stood between our two countries.
As U.S. military involvement in
Central America increases, one of
the truly hopeful signs towards a
peaceful resolution of these conflicts
is the rapidly increasing level of
cultural and political exchange that
is occuring between North American
and Central American people. Certainly, the close proximity of Central America to the United States
provides a better chance for building

r
;

•

important bridges of understanding
between our citizens.
In the next two weeks, the
Evergreen community will be provided with excellent examples of this
important people-to-people interchange that is so vital to deepening
our knowledge about the current
crisis in Central America.
On April 24, Janine Thome, cocoordinator of the Evergreen
Political Information Center (EPIq
and I, Sean Sinclair, cocoordinator of the Peace and Conflict Resolution Center {PCRq, will
depart on separate delegations to
Nicaragua and El Salvador ,
respectively.
Janine was chosen to accompany
the 12 member Seattle-Managua
Sister City delegation to Nicaragua.
Her stay in Nicaragua will include
speaking with government and opposition leaders, students, and the
Nicaraguan media. She will also visit

rural villages near the Honduran
border where the Contra war has
intensified.
I was invited to participate in a
delegation of U.S. Citizens for Peace
and Friendship with El Salvador, a
national ad-hoc group of North
Americans working for peace and
justice in that war-torn country. I
will meet with leaders from a variety of Salvadoran popular organizations (labor unions, peasant and
religious groups, and refugees
displaced by the extensive bombing
occuring in the rural areas of El
Salvador) as well as Salvadoran
government and U.S. embassy
officials .
A particular focus of I1U' visit will
be meeting with teachers and
students at the University of EI
Salvador, continuing the support
and exchange of information with
TESC that began with Tim Mar-

shall's trip to EI Salvador last
December .
Janine and I will give public talks
and slideshows after we returll from
Central America on May 4.
During the same two-week period,
Nicaraguan and Salvadoran
academic officials will VISIt
Evergreen to give public lectures
about life in Central America.
At noon Tuesday, April 29 in the
library lobby, Marta Alicia Rivera,
the U.S. representative for
A.N.D.E.S., EI Salvador's teacher's
association, will share her moving
personal story about the challenges
and persecution that many teachers
in El Salvador face as they work for
academic freedom and peace with
justice in their country.
Ms. Rivera, currently living in
political exile in Los Angeles, is
speaking in place of Julio Portillo,
general secretary of Andes, who was
denied a visa to enter the United

States for a spring speaking tour.
The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador
denied his vi~a based on the allegation that he is subversive. This tactic is being increasingly used by the
U.S. government to prevent an informed debate on U.S. policy in
Central America.
At 7 p.m. Wednesday, May 7 in
the library lobby, Mariana Fiallos,
president of the Supreme Electoral
Council of Nicaragua and former
president of the National University of Nicaragua, will give a lecture.
fiallos, a lawyer, is currently helping draft Nicaragua's new
constitution .
The talk by Ms. Rivera is cosponsored by Third World Women,
MECHA, the Women's Center, the
Peace Center and EPIC. Fiallos' talk
is sponsored by the Anthropology
and Development of Centra l
America Group Contract. Contact
the Peace Center for further information at 866-6000, x6098.

Big Mountain people 'must adjust' for survial
by Jennifer Matlick
It is a sad but true fact that the

people of Big Mountain are being
forced to relocate from their sacred
land. The multi-billion dollar corporations that are moving onto this
land have eyes only for the valuabl~
mineral resources that lay beneath
Big Mountain. It is also a fact that
these underground riches are needed for the well-being of our country.
Even if our small voices can prevent
July 7 from becoming the "beginning of the end" for these Arizona
Dine (Navajoes), it is, most likely,

only a matter of time before their
land is finally taken from them.
In Evergreen's relatively isolated
corner of the world, many do not
realize that the plight of the people
of Big Mountain is not widely
known. (As an Arizona native just
moved to Washington, I can safely
say that the knowledge of Big Mountain in its own state is relatively nill.
In fact, I was never aware of this
problem until I came to Evergreen.)
We cannot admit defeat, but we
must be realistic.
The less than 3 months that re-

main between now and July 7 are
not time enough to educate the
world with what little resources we
have. If there is truly a concern for
the people of Big Mountain, then
those who share in their grief must
set their sights not on the production
of a "magical ceremony," but on
ensuring that the Dine survive.
Money and resources must be used to educate the Dine for their eventual move. If they are to survive in
their new lives, they must learn to
adjust. They must learn English,
learn to become the consumers that
they have never been, and learn

about the adjustments theymust
make to Americna culture. This does
not mean that they must completely
lose their own culture and adapt
ours. It means that, if they want to
survive, they must adjust.
And
what of the other issues? Many
believe that, based on alleged facts,
the people of Big Mountain cannot
survive without the freedom that
they now have. Some say that white
citizens of the towns to which the
Dine will be relocated will carry out
anti-Native-American acts on these
people. But what will happen if they
remain on Big Mountain? Can they

have more of a chance of survival
trying to physically defend their land
against corporate invaders? They
would surely die there, too.
There is little choice. Through
education, the Dine will surely have
more of a chance of survival in the
"outside world" than they ever
would have if they remained on Big
Mountain when the corporations
move in .
No, their plight is not fair. But
nobody seems to be offering any
realistic alternatives. When Big
Business moves Big Mountain out,
they must have somewhere to go.

Science editor calls star wars 'rogue elephant'
by John Tirman
It is now apparent that the
Strategic Defense Initiative is itself
a menace to U.S. national security .
The president's pursuit of a spacebased defense against Soviet nuclear
attack is nearly three years old, and
already it has consumed alarming
amounts of the Pentagon's budget
while failing to establish a firm sense
of direction. .

How can such a dismal assessment
be drawn from the brief life of this
program? Consider three illustrations of why "Star Wars" is now a
rogue elephant of the American
military posture.
• Robbing Peter to pay Paul. The
administration insists that the
Strategic Defense Inititative (SDI)
should be insulated from any Pentagon cutbacks wrought by the
Gramm-Rudman budget balancing

The Cooper Point Journal, is published weekly for the students,
staff and faculty of the Evergreen State College. Views expressed
are not necessarily those of the college or the Journal's staff. Advertising material contained herein does not imply endorsemenl by
the Journal. The office is located at The Evergreen State College,
Campus Activities Building, Room 306. The phone number is
866-6000, X6213. All announcements must be double-spaced, listed
by category, and submitted no later than noon on Monday for that
week's publication. All letters to the editor must be typed, doublespaced, limited to 250 words, signed, and must include a daytime
phone number where the author can be reached. The editor reserves
the right to reject any material, and edit any contributions for
length, content, or style. Letters and display advertising must be
received no later than 5 p.m. on Monday for that week's
publication.
Editor: Michael Tobin
Managing Editor: Steven Aldrich
Associate Managing Editor: Duane Anderson
Photo Editors: Jennifer Lewis
Production Assistant: Jennifer Seymore
Poetry Editor: Paul Pope
Advisor: Virginia Painter
Ph~tographers: James Barkshire, Jennifer Buttke, Nancy Harter
Wnters: Todd D. Anderson, Bob Baumgartner Irene Mark
B~itenkant, Ch.ristine Cameron, Denise Crowe, Kathi'Durkin, Tracy
GIbson, Denms Held, John Kaiser, Margaret Livingston Bret
Lunsford, Maggie Murphy, Lee Pembleton, Paul Pope, Bob'Reed,
Stoddard Lawrence Smith, Argon Steel, Paul Tyler, Clay Zollars
Business Manager: Karen Peterson
Advertising Manager: David George
Advertising Assistant: Julie Williamson
Distribution: Michael Flynn
Typist: Jennifer Matlick

law, or any alternative deficit-cutting
effort in Congress. Coupled with the
budget squeeze, and because large
items like military salaries and pensions are considered untouchable,
the SOl's share of the budget
translates directly into deep cuts in
other military programs.
Even before Gramm-Rudman, the
dilatory effect of SDI on conventional readiness and other military
essentials was forecast. .Morethana
year ago, former Defense Secretary
James Schlesinger made the point by
recalling the Safeguard missile
defense program 0 f the late 1960' s,
saying that it "was well on the way
to eating the Army out of house and
home at the cost of its conventional
cabability.' ,
Next year's SOl request is $4.8
billion, plus $500 million for related
nuclear weapons work in the Department of Energy. That is an increase
of more than $2.5 billion over this
year's appropriation, which itself
was a near-doubling of the 1985
figure. This does not reflect a prudent research plan. Rather, the high
numbers are meant to attract the
powerful aerospace industry, with
the goal of making the program a
permanent fixture of the Pentagon
budget. Military preparedness and
other research efforts will be the likely victims, a harsh price for soliciting
defense industry "momentum" on
behalf of the SOl.

• Driving the arms competition.
The point has persuasively been
made that a defense is mast easily
defeated by increasing and
upgrading offense. Even a promising space-based defense, which is not
now insight, would be foiled if the
Soviets double or triple their ICBM

force and install sophisticated
boosters and decoys, which they
have promised to do. But SOl has
more immediate consequences for
our weapons rivalry with the USSR .
The lasers and kinetic energy
weapons being developed for Star
Wars battle stations will first be
available as anti-satellite weapons
(ASATs), which can attack the
satellites used for early warning of
nuclear attack, command and control of forces, and other vital
military functions. Faced with the
SOl, the Soviets are undoubtedly
pursuing the same techniques .
Because the United States depends
on satellites more than the Soviets
do, the early result of SDI will be
diminished U.S. security. In addition, such ASATs could jeopardize
any Star Wars battle stations eventually deployed.
The SDI is also preventing the
Reagan Administration from joining
the Soviet Union's nuclear test
moratorium. The x-ray laser, which
is "pumped" by a hydrogen bomb,
is a candidate SDI technology requiring underground testing. As a
result, President Reagan will not
agree to a test ban, which could slow
down the arms race by retarding
future development of nuclear
weaponry.

• Stalling Negotiations. If the goal
of SDI is to eliminate the threat of
nuclear weapons, why not eliminate
nuclear weapons instead? That is the
apparent option on the table at
Geneva, and SDI is the obstacle.
Soviet leader Gorbachev's proposal
for nuclear disarmament must be
considered with a grain of salt, but
the potential for deep cuts in super·
power strategic arsenals is very real.

The Soviets, understandably, will
not bargain away their offense if
they believe even a partially effective
defense is being built. They view Star
Wars, rightly or wrongly, as a component of a U.S. first-strike capability, since it might be used to defend
against a Soviet retaliation. That is
why the Soviets insist that SOl be
trimmed way back before the 50 percent, or more, reductions in nuclear
arms can be agreed to.
The bitter irony of SDI is that
even on its own terms, the program
is stumbling badly. Money has been
wasted on huge research projects
that have been cancelled or scaled
back . Boost-phase interception of
ICBMs, the Iynchpin of a spacebased system, looks more and more
improbable -- just as critics have said
from the start -- and the new SD I
budget reflects that reality. The x-ray
laser program has been wracked by
scandal. Demonstrations of
lechnology, such as a chemical laser
shattering a volatile, station ary
booster from point-blank range,
have been exposed as meaningless
public-relations gimmicks. The official "architecture" study, the conceptual design of the entire system,
calls for seven layers of defense and
thousand of satellites, signaling the
staggering cost an actual defense
would entail.
Will the harsh realities of budget
deficit finally startle Congress
enough to rein in this rampaging
project? A fresh probe of SDI accountability is due. Nothing less than
fundamenlal national security is at
stake .

Mr. Tirman is Senior Editor of the
Union of Concerned Scientists.

page 6

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 24, 1986

page 7

Greenerspeak:

What do you think of DTF's smoking policy?
photos by Nancy !farter

Issue NO.3

Diana Gudailis: I think it's
strict. I believe nonsmokers
have a right to breathe clean
air, but I th in k it will be difricult for smokers to find
areas to smoke. Nonsmokers
always have th e right to ask
people not to smoke.

Mikel Olsson: I think the
idea is great. But my biggest
question is how will they be
enforced? I don't enjoy going into restrooms or walking through the hall s where
people are smoking . What I
envision is smokers ignoring
the policy.

Rowland K. Zoller: Thele
are a hell of a lo t more important issues to consider on
this campus than where you
can and cannot smoke. The
uproar
over
Native
American studies and
s trategic planning take
precedence over smoking, so
far as I'm concerned.

Bronwyn Thomas-Lincoln: I
don't think nonsmokers
shou ld have to suffer if they
don't want to, but I don't
think the DTF should get too
ridiculous as to where people
shou ld or shouldn't smoke.
I wish them all the luck in the
world trying to enforce it.

Paul Gallegos: Everybody
has the right to smoke, but
we also have the right to
breathe. Breathing should
take priority .

A Magazine of Creativity

April 24, 1986

JoAnn Willard: Smoking
should be banned from the
face of the earth. Smokers
can smoke up where the
swallows and balloons are.

letters
Remember
terrorists'
actions
Dear Editor,
I would like to respond to Alan
Nasser's diatribe against the state of
Israel. Mr. Nasser, an ArabAmerican, would do well to
remember that the rejectionist s and
terrorists in the Arab community
have done more to dash the hopes
of Palestinians than any bomb
damage to Libya. Any Arab leaders
who were willing to make peace with
Israel are dead. due to actions of terrorists. An war Sadat among them .
Ron Bowitz

Terrorism
definition
questioned
To the Editor:
U.S. bombs Libya -- "Right On"
scream conservatives. "How awful"
moan liberals. Hey! They're both
right. And wrong. The U.S. position, that terrorists are "thugs"
without validity, guarantees that terrorism will escalate. (For instance,
if the Israelis get a homeland, then
it's only fair that the Palestinians
should get one also.)
So as acts of war by a "nation
without borders" (and hence no
rights under international law), terrorist attacks on military facilities
may be ju stified. But random
murder of civilians in airports and

discos is criminal, period. If
uniformed soldiers of a sovereign
nation perpetrated such acts, the
world community would sanction a
U.S. strike. But terrorists don't have
uni forms or a nation. So the nations
with demonstrable links to terrorism, namely Syria, Iran, and
Libya become targets . Being the
least military and the most physically
and diplomatically separated from
Russia of the three, Libya becomes
the scapegoat.
Our policies have led to a violence
which can only be answered with
violence. To paraphrase W.S. Burroughs ... "The only way to deal with
someone who finds nothing wrong
with throwing acid in a baby's face
is to throw acid in their face." Now
I am a peace advocate. 'But I am also
a realist.
Those who disagree with the horrific state of U.S, policy should work
politically to change it. Elect policy
makers who address the causes of
terrorism, not just the effects . Work
to inform and inspire the American
electorate. For as long as so few
vote, and as long as even fewer know
(let alone understand) the issues,
American policy and politicians (and
world reaction to them) will be
misguided and violent.
policy and politicians (and world
reaction to them) will be misguided
and violent.
Randy J. Earwood

Deans
response
called for

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Written
comments
sought on
CPJ policy
To the Evergreen Community:
The Communications Board is
seeking recommendations on an
operation policy for the Cooper
Point Journal. The policy will include guidelines for general operations, management, news, editorials,
opinions and letters, announcements
and advertising.
Copies of the a rough draft of the
policy, written by the advisor and
student editors of the newspaper, are
available at the Information Center
in the CAB Lobby. Written comment should be addressed to Communications Board President

943 - 3650

Allegra Hinkle, whose office is in
Media Loan. Deadline for written
suggestions is May 8.
The policy is to be considered at
a Communications Board meeting at
noon Friday, May 16 in the college
board room on the third floor of the
Library Building.
Purpose of the Communications
Board is to provide general
guidelines and advise the communications media on campus - the
Cooper Point Journal and KAOS
Radio Station. The board includes
representatives of the student body,
the administration. faculty, staff,
the Student Activities Board, the
community-at-Iarge and the professional news media .

Letters policy
The Cooper Point Journal
welcomes letters from our
readers, All letters to the editor
must be typed, double-spaced,
limited to 250 words, signed,
and must include a daytime
phone number where the author
can be reached for consultation
on editing for libel and obscenity. The editor reserves 'the right
to reject any material, and edit
any contributions for length,
content, or style. Leuers must
be received no later than noon
on Monday for that week's
publication.

Virginia Painter
Advisor
Cooper Point Journal

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Darlene Osborne

CPJ,
It is embarrassing to see that the
deans of The Evergreen State Col-

,..ttent'O~.,,'"ers\

. '

lege are failing to approach the
students in the Native American
Studies to discuss the possibility of
axing their program.
Proof to me that this college is a
step down from any academic
education. The false pretense of
alternative education has increased
the enrollment.
By the deans not being interested
in my views as a student of this program, I question their position to administrate to those who take their
own education into their hands.

't\eNalive
J:-_Boys
-J..

Friday, April 25
Saturday, April 26
210 E.4th. 786 1444

offering an array of
Bedding Plants,
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Friday
Saturday
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Photo by Evan Davis

page 8

April 24, 1986

April 24, 1986

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL'S ARJON

Festival of New Growth
celebrated at Evergreen

page 9

-----.- - . - - - -

(Top left) Dancers of all ages follow the beat of the drum. (Top fight) lnrricate pallerns and beadwork enrich
costuming. (Boltom) Parents help young dancer prepare for opening ceremony.

Photos by Jennifer Lewis

,
,

\', '

(Top left) The Pow Wow is opened with aflag cerem ony. (Above) Traditional dancing was the highlight of Pow
Wow. (Top right) Poster embodies the nalllre of the New Growth Festival.

•

Apr.il24, 1986

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL'S ARION

page 10

blasts from the p-_as_t_ __

Siddhartha disappoints
.fifty cents in change. From there I
follow my unfortunate four dollar (nonOut of some feigned sense of a member admission) paying friends up
straight approach in reviewing this film the stairway to one of the smaller
(something the producers should have screens at the State; smug in my
considered in its making), I enter the assertion that now I am not obligated
theatre armed with having read the to write this review.
book and particulars I lifted from the
Oh Herman, how did you let this
Olympia Film Society (OFS) Spring
happen.
They made a really bad film
Festival program guide: Director: Confrom your great little book, obviously
rad Rook; filmed on location in India,
1973; a list of principal actors with east not perceiving your brand of Monty
Python humor .. The same as in "StepIndian names, etc. What Bullshit! Who
really cares? That's what I was told by penwolf," when Harry Haller dreams
(or dares to?) take pot shots with a rithe woman (obvious Evergreen stufle at passing motorists from a hill.
dent) selling tickets at a special table
Proper anglicized voices of the east Inin the lobby. After ignoring me long
dian actors make a subtle effort in
enough while she talked to a mutual
fleshing out the story. Instead the
friend, I flash a cheesy PRESS PASS.
Brahmin have dust on the tops of their
She stares calmly at me with an expression I'll later associate with this feet and the OFS charges two and a
film and says, without a trace of malice half dollars a ticket to people like me,
because it might be the intellectualor humor: "So why should I let you
esoteric thing to do. And how original
in for free?" Caught by this my only
retort is, "In other words this doesn't is this story, anyhow? "An Eastern
'Candide' " (more borrowed in the OFS
mean shit to you?" A clarifying slow
program guide, lifted in turn). Siddharblink of her eyes sounds like a consentha
being a name of the historical Budsus, I don't argue (really, I don't), a
dha, and Gautama another. His face
con that just didn't work. Slammed for
trying to be a professional free loader not shown, instead a soft god auditioning voice and lean brown hands offercivil elitist. No problem, I don't take
ing a flower to our hero, like a rerun
it personally. So I stuff the stupid litof "Kung Fu."
tle card back into my wallet where it
waits knowing it'll get me into another
Most of the actors were all so calm
Husker Du or Gil Scott-Heron. Still, I
and
soft spoken; straining for the same
am prepared. I put out an OFS member
awkward gentleness that Hesse must
card I happened to have comhave struggled with in his first draft.
mandeer'd of late, and three one dollar
No emotion in the convictions the acbills. I wait for her "thank you" and

page I I

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 24, 1986

Two faculty members asked to leave in' past

by Paul Pope

. is a good car

by Curt Milton
and Stan Shore

chase.

tor just uttered: "I have always thirst
for knowledge ... 1 suffer thirst." Later
the audience suffers the slow motion
orgasm of Cam ala and Siddhartha.
And too, suffers the soundtrack, some
ascetic hymn with a melody not really
eastern, though assumed authentic
because vocals have not the same soft
polished educated ring of the brown
skinned, black haired actors, but is, if
were sung in English, compatible to
Jim Croces' "Time in a Bottle." And
that's as sappy as this movie gets. And
some people paid four dollars, I
remember to add again, while planning this draft over a bowl of rice,
wondering why I can't steam it right.
Oh, yeah, the cimeatography; all
right if you like National Geographic.
The cimeatographer, I am forwarned,
has worked with or I should say
"under" Ingmar Bergman -- Sven
Nykrist. Oh, sure, I know Sven. Didn't
he help Death saw a tree branch out

Of the characters in relationship to
their roles and effeminations, as Hesse
laid out, only Govinda came across accurately: a simp . Yet considering the
dumb tranquility the actors assumed
maybe what I found exact in capturing this minor role: the loyal, faithful
and unassertive shadow of (this tragic
Frank O'Hara) Siddhartha is just bad
acting well casted. Still, I wonder how
far they (the creative consultants (?))
were from the tone of the original text.
Oh, if you didn't know it by now this
is (was) one of those films where you
just have to read the book. Go ahead,
a good story of a search for personal
enlightenment and all ' that. Fast
reading, only 122 pages. And has a
nice cover photo (similar to this cheap
graphic) or at least my edition has. And
no you can't borrow mine.

DORM

•

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754-6040
COOPER PT. RD
At Domino's Pizza,
getting a delicious, piping hot pizza from our
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Limited delivery area.

Medardo Delgado.

Jim Martinez.
Faculty member Willi Unsoeld,
who worked with Martinez on the
"Ethics and Politics" program fall
quarter, felt that Martinez was probably being let go because of his
"spotty \kademic background."
Martinez does not have a Bachelor
of Arts degree but has many years
experience in corrections work .
"The students enjoyed him greatly
and he was a fine colleague to work
with," Unsoeld said. "What it boil-

ed down to was whether we could afford a specialist or not."
It is unknown what the exact
nature of Delgado's non-renewal is
and he has refused to comment .
Faculty members at Evergreen do
not have tenure, unlike professors at
most colleges . Instead they are given
three-year renewable contracts. The
terms for not renewing the contracts
are spelled out specifically in the college's administrative code. Accor-

ding to the code, faculty members
must be given notice by the April 15
previous to the year they are to
leave .
The code states that "unwillingness or inability to assume
responsibilities in both coordinated
studies and contracted studies
teaching modes " is sufficient
grounds for contract "nonrenewal. "
Delgado and Martinez are not the

Evergreen charged with discrimination

I

ELIVERY.

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In a move unprecedented in
Evergreen's five-year history, faculty
members Jim Martinez and Medardo Delgado have been informed that
their contracts will not be renewed at
the end of their three-year term. The
decision not to renew is the first ever
at Evergreen.
The two faculty were informed via
letter from Vice-President Ed Kormondy that they would not be
rehired when their presem contracts
expire. Martinez will be with the
school through September 1977. The
exact date of Delgado's departure is
not known.
Kormondy cited Martinez' "inability to work within the coordinated study mode" as one reason
for the dismissal. Although Martinez
showed great skill in the areas of individual and group contracts, Kormondy wrote, the basic unit at
Evergreen is the group (coordinated
studies).
"This place is just not for me,"
Martinez said philosophically, "I
can't go on reinforcing middle class
values." He said that he doesn't
want people using the issue of his
non-renewal as a "vendetta" for getting President McCann or Kormondy. "I can only help so many peopIe," he added, "then it's time to
move on."

from under a guy in "The Seventh
Seal," didn't he?

only faculty who will not be renewing contracts . Although they hav e
not been asked, -fiv e other facult y
have indicated that they definitely
will not be returning when their present terms expire. They are : Lem
Stepherson , Ed Reynolds, Naomi
Greenhut, Cruz Esquivel and Karin
Syverson .

April 22, 1976

I

by Jim Wrl~ht
May 13, 1976
In the wake of faculty firings and
resignations th~ee weeks ago,
members of Evergreen's Third
World community have filed a class
action suit against the college alleging discriminatory hiring and retention policies and denial of other civil
rights.
As of last week , two faculty
members had been informed that
their contracts would not be renewed and six others had voluntarily
resigned. The majority of these people are either Third World or
women.
The suit charges discrimination
under Titles VI and IX of Executive
Order 11246 which details nondiscrimination in federally assisted
educational programs . Since
Evergreen receives federal aid in
several curricular areas, the college
falls under the code's jurisdiction.
Title VI refers to racial or ethnic
discrimination within any program
receiving federal financial aid.
Similarly, Title IX details nondiscrimination on the basis of sex .
Both titles stipulate termination of
financial assitance upon substantiation of alleged discriminatory acts .
The suit was filed with the Office
of Civil Rights, Department of
Health, Education and Welfare in
Seattle on April 29. As of May 10
at 10 a .m., no response to the suit
has been filed by the Office of Civil
Rights (OCR) .

According to Washington State
Assistant Attorney General Richard
Montecucco however, "From a legal
standpoint at this stage, the suit is
nothing more than a statement of
concern by a group of individuals,
over alleged discriminatory practices." He indicated that OCR will
probably request specific information detailing discrimination on the
part of the college. Upon receipt of
the information, the "petition" will
become a formal complaint.
Commenting on the suit, Affirmative Action official Rindetta
Jones said "I think that a rigorous
and continued effort is needed on
the part of all deans, directors,
supervisors, and hiring authorities to
work in concert with Affirmative
Action in implementing the Affirmative Action plan."
She stressed that the current class
action suit is a cumulative result of
past and present frustration with Affirmative Action policy rather than
a specific reaction to the recent firings and resignations. "I would not
rule out the fact that the faculty
situation has had some part in tj1e
filing of the class . action suit.
However, other incidents, matters of
benign neglect, have also served to
precipitate the filing of the class action suit."
Evergreen President Charles
McCann, speaking for the college,
indicated that he is taking a waitand-see approach pending further

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developments in the case . "If there
has been discrimination, let's get the
facts out and let whoever is supposed to decide these things decide
whether there has been discrimination or not," he declared. McCann

maintained that "relatively speaking , we've made a great deal of progress with Affirmative Action." He
defined "relatively" as "relative to
other colleges and universities."

Official response:
by Curt Milton

May 6 , 1976

Finding himself in the middle of
the controversy surrounding the
non-renewals of contracts for two
Evergreen faculty members, Vice
President and Provost Ed Kormondy says he would have preferred that
the matter remain quiet.
" ... I think personnel decisions are
personal decisions," says Kormondy in reference to his ruling not to
rehire faculty members Medardo
Delgado and Jim Martinez at the
end of their three year contracts .
"My preference would have been, in
the case of the article in the CPJ last
week, not to have seen that in the
paper."
Kormondy doesn't deny the right
of a free press to publish, but would
rather have kept the non-renewals
from becoming a "public matter."
The knowledge of those non renewals, the first at Evergreen, has
prompted community responses
ranging from outright anger to a
dignified "ho hum." The two nonretentions have hit Evergreen facul-

ty on the touchy point of th eir job
security, and many of them are
worried.
Faculty who have not been informed by April 15 that their contract isn't going to be renewed or
haven't been warned by ther dean
that there may be problems ahead,
don't have anything to worry about,
Kormondy says . "If they're worried.
maybe they ought to be ... ," he adds.
Adding fuel to a smoldering fire
among the faculty is the famous
Evergreen rumor mill, which can exaggerate almost any situation on
campus. "Before I know it, "
chuckles Kormondy, .. I 25 faculty
members
have
supposedly
resigned. "
The final voice in matters of contract renewat belongs to Kormondy.
He confirmed that during
Evergreen's five year history, no
faculty members have been told that
their contract would not be renewed . However, several have been advised that they were facing the prospect of non-renewal unless their
teaching abilities improved .

c.7J1EXICO Prese~oupon

*

(no. 1- 23 only)

~ONlcro

Commenting on the fact tha t the
majority of those resigning are either
Third World or women, Dean Rudy
Martin said, "That's a bummer. "
However, Martin cautioned that he
doesn't feel Evergreen is losing it s
grip on affirmative action.
Officials of UJAMMA and the
Third World Coalition declined to
comment due to lack of information
on the resignation s.
The non-renewals also raised the
question of academic background
previous to hiring. Only four persons on the Evergreen faculty do not
have master's or doctorate degrees .
They are Don Jordan, Bud
Johansen, Delgado and Martinez _
Delgado has a BA as does Jordan.
The administration code does not
specify lack of advanced degrees as
sufficiem grounds for firing .
"People who are doing their gig
shouldn' t be worried," said Martin.
"Evergreen is not turning into a
tight-assed place ... this is not a witchhunt. "

Campus
responds to
firings
by Curt Milton
April 29, 1976
Evergreen Vice President and Provost Ed Kormondy ignored the
recommendations of two deans
when he decided not to renew contracts for faculty members Jim Martinez and Medardo Delgado, the
Cooper Point Journal has learned .
The decision by Kormondy not to
rehire the two faculty when their present contracts expire was disclosed
in last week's Journal. The nonrenewals are the first of their kind
in the history of the school.
Dean Rudy Martin confirmed that
recommendations by both he and
fellow dean Willie Parson were overruled by Kormondy. Martin was
concerned that Korrnondy's decision
was opposite that of the two deans,
but emphasized that the deans only
make recommendations. The final
decision belongs to the provost. "Of
course," he added, " it's nice when
your
recommendations
ar e
followed . "
Tom Rainey, president of the
Evergreen chapter of the American
Federation of Teachers, is attempting to determine if the process for
reaching a non-renewal decision, as
outlined in the faculty handbook,
has been followed . The union wants
to "protect due process," Rainey
says.
That process, the one that determines whether or not a faculty
member will be r etained a t
Evergreen, is a lo ng , co mplicated
series o f meetin gs, evaluatio ns ,
reviewing , letter writing and personal anguish. It culminates in a
decision not to be reached lightl y.

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,
THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

page 12

expre'ssive arts network

April 24, 1986

I

April 24, 1986

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

I

page 13

Festival of New Growth celebrates art and life
by Joan Davidge

\

'

Last week the Northwest Indian
Center sponsored and coordinated
the Festiv'al of New Growth. The
Festival provided informative
presentations on current Native
American struggles, as well as large
nourishing doses of poetry, song and
dance. The inspiration and wisdom
offered in the week's events are the
legacy of traditional ways of life
which have existed continuously on
this continent for thousands of
years.
On Monday and Friday nights,
Yankton Sioux poet John Trudell
spoke and read poetry before a small
group in Library 4300. Trudell
described himself as a political activist who doesn't believe in politics
because they get in the way of communicating . In any other form, these
words may be sounded radical
beyond belief, but his poetry flowed from his heart with an unquestionable honesty. His understanding
of modern society and the
"technologic mind" stems from a
wisdom passed down through time.
"There's a confrontation between
the technologic mind and the reason
for being," he said. The reason for
being, according to John Trudell, is
the appreciation of life.
He addressed the loss of hope
which has destroyed many of his
people's lives and threatens us all in
a global nuclear age. "The trap is
trading living for existing . Our
power is in the appreciation for
living."
On Friday night, Floyd Westerman, a Sisseton Wahpeton Dakota,

sang songs and played guitar following Trudell's reading . Like Trudell,
he spoke with honesty about
American society, government and
history.
Westerman opened with a traditional song called the Rabbit Dance
Song in which he used the back of
his guitar as a drum. The song was
dedicated to women. He pointed out
the difference between culture and
society by saying, "Culture depends
on women to keep it alive. Society
oppresses them."
The rest of his songs were in a folk
style but continued in the themes of
struggle, survival and unity . Two
songs were about missionaries and
anthropologists, and the struggle to
maintain native culture. One song
included the refrain, "Hide your
culture away, here come the
an thropologists."
In the introduction to "Custer Die
for your Sins," Westerman said
Ronald Reagan played the role of
General Custer in Hollywood. He
then interchanged the two names
throughout the chorus. Westerman
closed with a song dedicated to the
trees, which was a celebration of the
connectedness of life.
The Festival of New Growth
culm inated with a Pow Wow Saturday in the Pavilion which lasted
from I p.m. until midnight. People
from all over Washington and
Canada came to celebrate with
drumming, singing and dancing. The
Pow Wow is the celebration of life
which people of all ages can take
part in. The mother of a three year
old dancer explained the Pow Wow
this way: "The dancers' costumes,

j

Ghostly painted figures swirling in
color. Massive ceramic torsos and
heads. These two types of work,
though mainly diverse share one
thing in common: the marriage of
their makers, Jano Argue Moran
and Mike Moran . Both are Northwest artists. Recently Jano
mounted a solo exhibition of her
paintings now showing in Gallery
Two of the library. Mike is currently exhibiting his work at Traver Sutton Gallery in Seattle. Mike and
J ano met three years ago in Seattle
and share a home.in Tacoma with
their daughter, Marie.
J ano works at her Tacoma studio
and cares for Marie while Mike
operates the Ceramic studio and
teaches ceramics and painting as a
half-time staff member here at
Evergreen .
J ano grew up in Seattle and has
always identified herself as an artist.
"My mother always wanted to be a
writer and encouraged a creative environment. When she realized I had
artistic talent, she became that much
more supportive ," she said. Jano at-

...

Perceived by the so-coiled trained eye
These tmined senses Lhese [11101 analysts

"what a slorious slorious 81orious day"
La bricks and passersby
shuillin8 alon8 across the square

Analyze and desLroy the beauty of arl
These unabashed Sir! scouts from hell

Arl is seen Bnd read

yeah , , _i 8uess iL is okay,
isn'L iL9"

Project their white bread milk toast ideas on the arlist's work
And Si88le aboul bananas
Fiddl ins with his pipe the analysL ex plains why the artist chose red
InsLead of sillins on his ass
And while the ana lysl is lookins for red unde r the bed
The arl , the painLins, walks ouL the door inLo the sLreeL
To be apprec iaLed by drunks

Lhen i wonder
whose aAirmalion was sLronser
for yel anolher sprin8 day
in the mid-1980s

,Joe t:arley wine

PeLer Murney
Floyd Westerman added song to New Growth Festival Friday night.
with their feathers, skins, and bones, , Reservation near Auburn. His
are designed to honor living
costume was traditional Yakima. He
creatures. The dancers step twice on
said he and his family travel all over
each foot to honor the four-legged
the state to dance at Pow Wows. All
day he danced with the same enanimals, and they move in a circle
which follows the path of the sun to
thusiasm of his grandchildren, and
honor the four directions. The drum
a smile that never left his face .
is the heartbeat."
When he got up slowly from his
chair after our conversation, he
Wally Paul was one of the head
dancers. He is originally from the
wrinkled his brow abit and said,
SartC\ip Tribe near Victoria, B.C.
"I'm getting old." But as the next
song began, Wally Paul started to
and now lives on the Muckleshoot

Married artists share VIews on
working process

tended school in Seattle and several
private art classes outside the public
school system. "I daydreamed a lot
and when teachers would call on me
I usually gave the wrong answer. I
was also very shy," she said.
After high school, Jano attended
the Vancouver School of Art on
scholarship. She said at the time
Lichtenstein and Motherwell were
very big and if you were doing
anything else it wasn't really
acknowledged; the attitude of many
artists was narrow. She left the
school because she found students
sitting around talking intellectually
menacing . She took various jobs to
support herself. "I worked as a
waitress for awhile, and I was terrible at it. I couldn't remember who
got what." Jano has worked with a
circus, travelled abroad and done
upholstery. She is now represented
by Jackson Street Gallery .
The paintings in Gallery Two
represent the last six months of
Jano's creative work. The paintings
are guaches on paper. The characters
look bewildered , intrigued and
disturbed in their surroundings.
Their faces look off in all directions

You can 't spell analyze wiLhout A,N.A ,L,

skipp ins ouL of her class
in fluorescent concrele universe
the fresh faced Sir! insists

clutchin8 coffee and wishin8 for a ci8areLLe
headin8 back La try
La make a few dollars
i muLter' 'yeah , , ,huh,

Photo by Jennifer Lewis

dance, the deer hooves on his ankles
shaking in the rhythm of the drum.
It is unusual in today's society to
find artists who share common
values based on a long standing
cultural tradition. John Trudell,
Floyd Westerman and Wally Paul all
share a way of living which became
the message of The Festival of New
Growth -- the appreciation and
celebration of living. It's a message
we can all learn from.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•

by Mliggie Murphy

The Libya. BiS Mountain Qed 6quare Connection

confronting each 'other and the
viewer. These paintings are revealing glimpses of social events that are
provocative and sometimes distressing. Jano said she sees herself as
voyeur-like because of her distanced observations. Her imagery stems
directly from these perceptions,
though she is not consciously trying
to make a statement. "I'm not a
judge of what is valid," she said .
Mike grew up in Montana. He
drew until he was about 9 years old
and then realized it was not really accepted for a "cowboy" to be an artist, unless of course you were
western artist Charlie Russel or
Frederic Remington. Mike did not
approach art again until after high
school. At Montana State College he
decided he would enroll in anything
that did not require algebra. There
Mike resumed his roll as artist.
Influenced by the Montana environment, Mike pays close attention to the surface quality of his images. Lines, color and' figures deeply etched into , the clay surface and
undoubtedly a reflection of Montana landscape. "I worked with well
crews on ranches and we would
always be finding bones and dead
things," Mike said. These dead
things have been a source for direction in Mike's sculpture.

Mike came to Seattle to contmue
his work. Recently his sculptures
display live horses, human torsos
and heads. "I'll flop over a sculpture
or break it to get it to work. When
I work, what I make is a reaction to
what I just did. I deal with technical
problems of composition, structure
and color. One thing leads to
another. I'll use variations of a
theme as a way to try new things,"
he said. Anything he does seems to
become a surface for the scrapes and
etchings that reflect his environment.
Mike also agreed any statement his
work makes is incidental. He also
paints, and he included paintings in
his show at Traver Sutton Gallery.
Jano and Mike share many
similarities in their working process.
Both find isolation necessary to
work. Jano said, "I head for the
studio after Marie leaves for school
and it sometimes takes two hours to
get into the feel of the work."
Jano said- she couldn't imagine
anyone sitting down and planning
out a piece of work.
Both artists approach their work
from an emotional perpective .
"Jano responds 100 percent with her
emotions when she works; I control
mine a bit more," Mike said.
After they finish a body of work,
both find it essential to take a break.
After meeting a deadline Jano said
she'd rather do anything than paint.
"The time between the work is a
healing process. Making work is an
emotionally draining thing. I'm exhausted when I finish a body of
work," Jano said. Both find after
two or three weeks there is an urgency to get back to work . Mike said,
"I take a couple more weeks than
that to get back to work, I'm lazy
about starting again." Jano looked
at Mike and said, "That's absolutely not true."

Both agreed getting started again
can be a problem. Jano said,
"Sometimes a gallery will call and
ask for more work and that will really make me get going." Mike added, "There is always that fear that
you've lost it altogether, but you
have to dive in and just get started."
Jano and Mike said they have gone
through the image making cycle so
many times now that they can anticipate the fears and anxieties that
crop up.
Neither Jano not Mike feel comfortable talking a lot about their
work. At gallery openings it can be
especially difficult. They said when
they just complete a body of work
they are feeling distance from the
images and cannot look at the work
objectively . When people want to
know what it's about it's hard to
say, because they haven't had time
to really understand it either.
For this reason Mike said it's fun
to find old work because then he can
be objective and see what is there,
Between Jano and Mike the art
world keeps them pretty busy.
Teaching art, Mike said, is the
closest he has come to doing what
he likes in a work environment, outside of image making. He has recently been inspired to do more painting
as a result of teaching painting and
observing how J ano uses color in her
work. Jano said she is fortunate to
have Mike working this job. She said
it helps provide her with time to do
her work.
At the end of the interview, I asked Marie, their daughter, if she lik ed her' parents' work. She said she
did and that she did artwork, too.
But, she continued, "I don't want
to be an artist when I grow up. I
want to be a doctor, a baby doctor ,"

BARBARA J. MONDA, M.S., M.S., M.A.
COUNSELING AND THERAPY
Depression - Personal Growth - Abuse

866-1378

Upon see ln8 Qobi ns on I he 60ccer Field
she never LhouShL ,
walkins in the rain
so inconlusive
her feelinss
she wac~

;

runn in8 like waLeI'
down a windowpane
each day
all the Lrees
she was
so 8reen
each day she was
Lhinkin8
so hard
Lhe rain. it came do wn
walkin8 in iL. thinkin8
her feelinss
so inconclusive
all wet.
like woLer
down B windowpane
ru nn tn8
so 8reen, so wei
so Imrd
feel in8 like wal er
runn1ll8
I hro u8h Ill.>; rin8ers
I he I rees
reac hin " lor
he!" k:elin,'\s
l he sk \' , Sc' lI'el
she wa~
so t,luc
Ihe sky , Ihe ra in
each Jay
so incc,nclusl\'e
\I'alkin'(
in I he ru m
<L

his Iinseis
$c' hard
minin L"
all \X 'ei
eflch dBY
she never LhouShl,
Jennirer tl oben

The End of Luncheons
Nailed myself
To the cross or culLure
Fell inLo El hole
And IosL my soul to salesmen
Wield ins namcbrands
On Lheir T-shirLs
They d sell the c art h
for whaL iL 's worlh
A voice wiLhin you screams inside
,. A Ii e you're livins"
Qunnin8 dry
To badlands of'Lhe future
Bathed in tension
Wrapped and suLured
Tmpped inside a dyinS moocher
l3uyin8 laser Elrt
From tacky people
Qunnins scared
To subnlEll'ines
Lined like caLUe
Amidsl l heir shad ows
For hOllrs al a limeJusl 10 peer inside
A lilsl all ad
No lookin8 back
Weapon c~ f desl rllcl ion
The end o f luncheons
And a 800d assumpt ion
ThaI l hose c razy 80dlike
Cosmic vultures
Iinve nailed liS La
The ever p resenl
Cross or cull uw ,
6te l en tl elbcr-t

bla m blam blam biam blam
blam blam blam blam blam blam blam
blam bla m billm blam blam
Denni," lic kJ

(ro und poem)
Top Down ConverLible ArL/Physic s
To p ,
Colours
Confinemenl
flavours
6 1avery
Dimensions of 6pontaneous Cre at. ion
in holo8rams
in livins t hinss
os wave$ as
7.ero

in tiS-ii

pa rl tcle ~h,-'sl ,>i

T,-,p DOllln Tr'ul h
seC"

6Lran8encs,li, Qiiir-k rhil'OIlI.Ii
Ba rner lflck Spill
elq\snce of
Creal ion from ener,,\'
c,
Crysl 81 sl rucl ure,
backwa rd Lravcll ins ,
aLom snm<'lhlllS beauty
wa\'(".

Tyler 0 Myhr
(EluLho rs' noLe, quarks are the Lheord Ical
maLerials of proLon and neulrons)

page 14

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 24, 1986

Protest
~

,

-- --

_.. -

-

written response to the following
prepared statement:

,~

" The drums speak all languages even if the drummer does not, " says master drummer Obo Addy,
perform at 8 p.m. on Saturday, May 3, in the Recital Hall at The Evergreen State COllege. Addy's concert is
the final predentation of The Evergreen Expressions spring season. Evergreen Expressions is cosponsored by
POSSCA (Patrons of South Sound Cultural Activities) and Evergreen. Advance tickets are available at Yenny's
Music, The Bookmark and the Evergreen Bookstore. Cost is $4 for students, senior citizens and card-carrying
alumni, and $6 general. For reservations call 866-6833.

'

Center searching for a new man
One of two staff posi tion s at the
Men' s Resource Ce nter is now open.
Each sta ff person works 150 hours
per quaner a t $3 .60 per hour.
Each staff person is responsible
fo r organizing, publicizing and
facilitating suppon groups, concerts,
workshops and other events; preparing a budget ; collaborating with
both the other staff person and with
o ther student group leaders; speak-

Heritage
celebrated
Laws of exclusion, immigration
and anti-miscegenation will be examined during Asian-Pacific
Heritage Week, celebrated April
26-May 3 at The Evergreen State
College.
The public is invited to a free
panel discussion on U .S. laws that
have affected Asians and Pacific
Islanders" from noon to 2:30 p .m .
Wednesday, April 30, in CA B 110.
Panel members will include AsianPacific spok espersons from the
Universi ty of Wa shin gto n and
Evergreen.
On May I , Thursday Night Films
will present th ree films on the AsianPacific experience in America:
"Freck led Rice," "The Departure"
a nd "Fool' s Dance."
Renowned Seatt le jazz musician
Deems Tsutakawa will conclude th e
week's ce lebrati on wi th a "dancen"
from 9 p.m. to I a.m. Saturday,
May 3 in LIB 4300 . Described a s an
"ex plosive so lo pianist" a nd th e
o ri ginator of "contemporary so ul
jazz," Tsutakawa will be joined by
the band, "Common Cause." Admission is $3 general and $2 for
students.

ing in public and on the air; counsel ing individual men; and reaching out
to other men with an interest in these
iss ues.
According to Mark Sherman, a
curreIll co-director of the Men' s
Resource Center, the center "provides an opportunity for men to look
at their own anger. The idea is out
there that men are naturally violent
and that is not true. Men are train -

:

GESCCO, the Greater Evergreen Student Comunity Coo perative
Organization, hosts grand opening festivities from 7 p.m. to 2 a.m.
Friday, April 25, at their new location, 503 S. Cherry (corner of 5th
and Cherry in downtown Olympia.)
A variety of entertainment is slated for the free opening event. "The
Melody Makers," a Shelton-based swing band, will open the show,
followed by "The Phantom Zydeco Band," featuring Cajun and
Creole style music, while rock from "The Young Pioneers" will conclude the evening's entertainment.
Th e free GESCCO-sponsored event is open to a ll members of the
Olympia community as well as Evergreen student s, staff, alumni and
faculty. Complete details are a.vailable by calling 866-6000, x6512.

'West' deadline extended
Sli gh tl y West, the TESC lit era ry magazine sponsored by MAARAVA,
has ex tended the deadline for submi ssions for the spring quarter issue to
Friday, May 2. Essays, short fiction, poetry a nd artwork should be left at
MAARAVA, LIB 3214.
The deadline was ex tended due to lac k of material, according to C hristi e
Eikeberg, Sli ghtly West coed itor. "We would really like to see work fr om
th e whole Evergree n community. ind uding student s, faculty a nd staff, " she
sa id.
A new editorial board has been formed ror the spring issu e , she said, a nd
(hangcs will be made in the format or the magazine. "We'll be printing
on both sides of the pages, and ir we get eno ugh mat erial there will be som e
other improvement s as well, " she said.

Sunday Madness Sale
30% to (3 Off:

0

.•
•

~

• 4-27- 86
•• 0 ne 0 oy
: Sole Only

=
•

•
pm.· ••
Must Have: •
72 noon.•
to 6

5
I
C
~ ~,..~

491-222~

Cqupon •
to

:

Enter.
~oooool;l"""'''ooooo~
~

• I

LACEY, WA.

p----

I FREE!!
I
{:3
:
Order
I 6, 9, Or 12 pieces
I of lightly-breaded
I
Chicken Tenders
I
(and any·size Fries)
\\\\()\\s
Bring this Conpon
I

•rt\\\Cf,t\)
•

ed to be violent."
Sherman added that the ceIller,
"got going in 1974 but faded out of
ex ist ence in 1979." Then the center
started up again in 1984 after the oncampus murder of Elisa Tissot. " It
[the murder] brought home some of
the issues of men's violence.
People can apply to Michael Hall
in CAB 305 . The Men's Center is
located in LIB 3227 .

GESCCO opens

.THE COMPLETE MUSICIANS SHOP • • • • 6000 PACIFIC AVENUE '.

:

from page i

................. ..

We1J give you
a Medinm Soft Drink
Free!
400
Cooper Point Road

"Autonomy for the Native
American Studies program where
Indian people determine how the
program is to be taught.
"That a firm commitment to the
Longhouse Project be made.
"The formation of a special ad-.
missions and retention pf'ogram
geared for people of color, with an
Indian component.
Any decisions directly affecting
Indian people on this campus, include a majority Indian decisionmaking body.
"That any dealings with the Northwest indian Center be made on an
organizational level only, and rhat
the Northwest Indian Center choose
its own spokespeople in whatever
fashion we choose.
"That a statement be issued
retroactively postponing the appointment of Mike Beug for
academic dean, until the mailer of
racism toward Indian people at
TESC has been dealt with to our
satisfaction.
"An immediate renewal of David
Whitener's contract. His competency cannot be called into question
at this time because there are no Indians involved in the decision making process.
"That an initial response be made
by noon on Tuesday. April
22.1986. "
Hill responded by expressing his
appreciation of the peaceful nature

Chinese medicine
to be studied
Over 5000 years of Chinese
medicine can mean a lot more to
Westerners than just the prospect of
being perforated by tiny needles .
The theories and practices of
Chinese medicine can teach people
an incredibly sophisticated system of
energy medici ne.
Typically, Western reporters have
concentrated on the exotic
treatments and ignored the theories
behind them and the effects of the
Cultural Revolution on traditional
practices.
" Integrating the Eastern Way," a
series of two independent workshops
on Chinese medicine will be offered
this weekend by Evergreen graduate.
Barbara . Park. From 9 a.m. to 6
p.m. Saturday, April 26, participants will explore Qi, the lifeforce
energy , the five elements, basic
assessment techniques, the organ
mer idian s and the sp irit of the
points.
From 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Sunday,
April27, th e workshop will concentrate on specific patterns of energy
blockage, their releases and the
spiritual/ emotional correlates within
the five element system.
Cos t for the workshops is $25 per
day. or $45 for both . Call Radiance,
357-9470, or Earth Magic, 754-0357
to register .

of the protest characteristic of
Native American ways. He spoke for
the institution by saying; "We cannot deny the drC?poff of Native
American enrollment. We cannot
deny the Longhouse Project is an institutional embarrassment. We cannot deny Whitener and Brown make
it hard for you to believe there is a
commitment to people of color."
Joseph Waterhouse, a Native
American and graduate of the
Native American Studies Program.
said, "There is no way I can expect
you to understand the pain and
anger I feel. Eight years ago I stood
in this same room talking about the
Longhouse Project. Five months ago
I brought it up again and there has
been no action . Our people have
been here a long time. It takes a lot
to get a mature people angry."
Hill said. "I'm after a Native
American Studies Program that is
stronger on campus. I want to have
dialogue with you."
Dialogue began on Tuesday, but
was limited to students, a few faculty
and Hill . Several of the academic
deans were present at the protest,
but did not participate in the
discussion .
College President Joe Olander
was not at the meeting.
A major focus of the meeting was
Whitener' s one year reappraisal contract. One student asked who would
replace Whitener in the Native
American Studies program. Lloyd
Colfax. a Native American facultv
of "Life Compositions," said he
would also be teaching outside the
Native American Studies program
next year. This would leave one I nd ian faculty, Gail Tremblay , to
teach in the program .
Students were outraged thatWhite
facu lty, who have been on "warning," have not been asked to teach
outside their programs. Whitener
has been asked to teach outside his
program to gain Euro-American
stucture.
Hill said he recognized there are
"flaws in the process."
Students and the administration,
or at least Patrick Hill, look forward
to negotiating the issues.
Rhoades said, "The meeting went
better than I thought it would,
although there was no resolution .
I'm adopting a wait and see
attitude . "

1

l
'I

GESCCO
DANCE
OPENING

Jim Wood returns volley.

******* SPORTS

KING.

,
\'

I

~

c

c3.

The tennis teams started one of
their most successful weeks ever with
a men's 7-2 victory over Seattle
University. Coming away with
singles victories were Ben Chotzen,
Gene Chong, Jay Nuzum, Jim
Wood, and Kirk Carner. Wood and
chotzen also took number one
doubles and Rick Doussett teamed
with Carner for a victory at number
three doubles.
The men made it two in a row

IN BRIEF'********

CREW TEAM FLIES IN FIRST EVER REGATTA!
Cath Johnson and her 33 rowers took on the
Willamette River and other northwest teams in
a regatta in Portland last weekend. The women
novices ( Amy Craver, Kyzyl Fenno-Smith, Patty
Scott, Terry Batty, Karen Handleman-Coxswain)
passed Gonzaga with 80 meters to go ! A Third
Place ribbon finish !!! Patty Chambers, Dawn
Dzuday, Ann Remburg, Jennifer Whitney and
Esther Howard crewed their boat to First Place,
in an earlier novice four heat! The lightweight
four (Todd Cain, Jeff DeGarmo, Brent McManigal, David Morris and Beth Vargas), were ...
disqualified, but rowed exhibition and placed
third out of six boats. Go, Geoduck Rowers!
FIRST EVER VICTORIES OVER SU AND SPU!
The men'~ tennis team, fed by captain Ben
Chotzen, senior leader Jim Wood, speedster
Gene Chong, local standout Jay Nuzum, player
-coach Bob Reed, and the improving tandem of
Rick Doussett and Kirk Comer, defeated Seattle
University 7-2 and Seattle Pacific 5-4. According
to Reed, "Comradery on both the men 's and
women's teams is really starting to show. Everyone has improved since the start of practices fast
October. Sometimes the improvement shows in
team victories_ Other times it shows in individual
matches, We're all having a real good time!!"

~I

~.

his training regimen . His training
went from 20 to 30 miles a week last
summer to a peak of 90 miles dur ing one of the Christmas break
weeks. He is now doing 55 miles
weekly, with three of the seven
workout s being o n the track.
"I enjoy t he sa tisfactio n that
comes from tr ain in g really hard for
a race and then rac ing well, knowing that J 've g iven it ab~o lutel y m y
best s hot. That 's a special feel in g."
Reed, co mmitted to a demanding
schedule. seems to go th rough dayto-day life as if it's anot her racc .
Reed is often see n running from
class to tennis to other appo in t·
men ts. He is rarely seen wa lki ng .
.. A lot of people real ly kid me
about my co ntinual runn ing. I was
a reall y hyper kid when I was young,
a nd I guess I'm probably just as
h yper now. I have lo ts of ner vo us
energy that I need to burn off on a
daily basis. Half the time I have to
run just to keep up with the commitment s I have.
"Exercise is a regular part of my
life and I'm sure it always will be.
Running is special right now because
I feel like someone has given me
some talent and some ablility in that
area. I would like to see how far I
can go with that tatent ana nara
work," Reed said.
Running is one of his top
priorities. In the past six months,
Reed has missed one training day.

That's a lo t of dedication , but Reed
sees it another way: "For some people they wou ld term it dedication .
for me it 's a way of life. I just love
to run so much I dont ' t think of it
as dedication; I just think of it as
p ure JOy.
Reed is nO,t th e first person in a
pair of running shoes to fall in love
wit h the sport. Wha t makes him
such a good runn er?
"His intensity. He' s very
coac hable; he will take th e advice of
a trainer . He 's a religious trainer. He
rca ll y is hustling a ll the time."
answe red Steil berg.
Stei lberg is impressed wi th Reed's
accomplishment s, co nsidning Reed,
at 29, is one or tll c old er at hletes o n
the team. " He really is great. Yo u
can liken him to a professiona l
ath lete. Bob is in the twilight yea rs
for an interco llegia te athlete." sai d
Ste ilberg.
Reed set a school record and
q ualified for the di st rict meet with
a 32.17 time in the !Ok at the U niversi ty of Puget Sound, March 15. He
would like to cut hi s time to 31 :30
at the district meet in May. "He is
good enough to do that given good
work and a good attitude. He's going to break 32 minutes at districts, "
said Steilberg_
Reed has been nominated for the
Olympia sports award . The award is
given to an athlete who has
demonstrated athletic and academic

•

..
Tennis coach Bob Reed at the net.
achievment as well as community involvement. He also has been
nominated for a sports exchange
program, which would involve run-

ning in Austria this summer.
The Austrians wouldn't be too
likely to catch him walking.
Intensity.

when they defeated Seattle Pacific
5-4 Thursday, April 17 . Singles victories came from Chotzen, pJayercoach Bob Reed, and Wood.
Chotzen and Wood again won at
first doubles and then B-eed and
Nuzum pulled out the deciding
match by scores of 6-4, 7·5.
The men finished the week with a
close 5-4 loss to Central and then an
8-1 loss to a strong team from
Bellevue Community College.
The women hosted Seattle University Monday, April 14 and then
followed with home matches against
Skagit Valley and Shoreline Community College. Although the
Geoducks lost the three matches, the
scores improved from 9-0, to 7-2 and
then 6-3.
Coaches Bob Reed and Dan

Mciver are very pleased with the
progress of both teams. This is the
first time we have ever defeated Seattle University or Seattle Pacific in
tennis. Seattle U is not very strong
this year but SPU has a good team.
The victories are just another indication of the high quality of tennis our
team is playing.
Because Gene Chong and Jim
Wood couldn't make it to Bellevue,
Rick DOllssett and Mark Ray played
in the singles and doubles lineups .
They both responded with strong
performances.
Ben C hotzen had one of his best
matches of the season against
Bellevue's Tim Horn. Ben lost in a
tiebreaker in the third set to Horn.
who is currently ranked in the top
20 in the Pacific N"rthwest men's
division. We have men's players that

are working ha.-d and continue to
improve. We will hopefully keep improving through the district tournament May 2-4.
The women's matches culminated
with strong efforts against Shoreline.
Myra Anderson and Regina Bonnevie showed the results of their
hard work with excellent matches.
Julie McCallum, Ellynne Plotnick,
Kirty Erickson, Ann Hollingsworl h
and Pringl Miller ha ve been practicing consistently. Newcomer Tanya
Esmeralda is bringing fresh enthusiasm to the team .
The women need to take full advantage of the high level of play of
our opponents. Our players need to
keep working on the fundamentals,
such as stroke and serve consistency, as well as competitive mental
toughness and concentration . Progress in these areas will ultimately
lead to more team victories.
All of the women have improved
in different ways. Sometimes it' s
frustrating when that improvement
doesn't translate immcdiatdy into
victories.
Both the men 's and women's
teams have pre-district tournament s
this weekend and then go to Seattle
University next Wednesday for !heir
final match. The season ends with
th e district tourn ament in
Ellen sburg, May 2-4.

****************************

~.
~

by Tim Quam
Intensity.
In these days of modern sports
reporting , superlatives are thrown
around like shot put s. But the word
imens'ity is befi tting of Evergreen's
Bob Reed.
Reed is th e player-coach of the
Geod ucks tennis team . He run s for
th e track team of which he is a lso the
capta in . He is Evergreen 's Sports Information Coordinator , and he also
find s time for school. But Reed excells a t running.
Hi s first race was in Portland in
May of 1985. He placed 48th ou t of
1200 ru nners in the 10k with a time
of 34:45. In the Tacoma All America
City Run la st September, he placed
fourth in the 10k with a 33: 15 clockin g. He was 28th at the NA IA
District One X-country champion ships, a nd then won the Olympia
YMCA Resolution Run held last
January.
Reed started running in 1978 but
did not enter a race until spring
1985. He felt competition might
taint the experience. "I thought it
would take the fun out," Reed said.
Evergreen Track Coach Pete
Steil berg encouraged Reed to enter
competitive running. "I ran a JO
miler with Pete last spring. I just had
a fantastic time. I hadn't realized
how much fun it was to run with
other people," Reed said.
Reed didn't take long to build up

by Bob Reed

'~8U~RGI!!!oE.B •

.
§-..

Intensity exhibited by Evergreen's Bob Reed

Tennis 7-2, 1-8 in roller coaster week

-.,
~

page 15

§P'orts

GRAND

•
•

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 24, 1986

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page 16

THE COOPER POINT JOURNAL

April 24, 1986

Strategic Planning-Second Draft Report of
the Environmental Committee

notebook
9 a.m., CAB Lobby. Sponsored by Northwest Indian Center. ERC and Greenet. Call
Rhys Roth, x6784, for info.
Free Zen Meditation, 8 p.m., Lecture Hall Rotunda. Bring pillow.
Marta Rivera, U.S. Rep. for Andes, EI Salvador Teacher Association, free lecture,
noon, LIB Lobby. For info. call x6089.
"Americans on Everest," free film featuring Evergreen Faculty Willie Unsoeld, 7 p.m.
L.H. I, sponsored by Wilderness Center.
Free Resume Writing session, 7:30-8:30 p.m., A Dorm Corner. Call Career Development,. x6193, for info.

Tonight, April 24
Thursday Night Films Presents "Persona," starring Liv Ullman and Bibi Andersson
in this Ingmar Bergman film, 7 and 9 p.m. showtimes, L.H. 1. $1.50 admission. Free
childcare provided by the Parents' Center for the 7 p.m. show.
Childhood's End Gallery shows the works of Carolyn Hoffman, Sukey Forsman, Tom
Ingham and John Morgan, Mon.-Sun. 10 a.m .-6 p.m., Sun. noon-5 p.m., through
April 30.
.
Toddler topics, ages, stages, activities, nutritious snacks, problem solving, building
a support system and balancing responsibilities, 7-9 p.m., Old Washington School.
Fee of $4 must be paid at Oly . Parks and Rec. Office, 1314 E. 4th Ave., prior to attending class. Call 753-8380 for info.
Steve Hunter meets students regarding Strategic Planning, noon-I p.m. Call Steve
Hunter, x6363, for info.
WashPIRG fee refunded to students not wishing to support the group, II a.m.- l p.m.,
CAB Lobby, 5-7 p.m., LIB Lobby. ID required. Call x6058 or stop by SEM 4158 for
info.
Gregg Lerner presents "Drums 'n' Stuff," featuring over 20 area musicians. 8 p.m.,
Recital Hall. Free Thurs. and Fri.

Wednesday, April 30
Free panel discussion on U.S. laws that have affected Asians and Pacific Islanders.
part of Asian-Pacific Heritage Week, noon-2:30 p.m., CAB 110.
Application deadline for Allard K. Lowenstein Fellowship Program. Call 337-5454
for info.
E"perimental Film Series presents "Japanese Experimental Films," 8 p.m. Wednesdays,
GESCCO ' , 5th and Cherry, Oly. Free. Call x6oo1 for info.
Spirituality and Politics: Healing the Split workshop, 6-9 p.m. CAB 110. Call x6098,
for info.
Oly. Head Injury Support Group meets, 6:30-8:30 p.m., Good Shepherd Lutheran
Church. Topic is Stress Management. RN Peggy Schesky will discuss biofeedback.
Call Pat Gabrielse, 456-8560, for info.
Washington Fair Share representatives will make presentation about Summer jobs,
1-1:30 p.m . and 1:30-4 p.m., LIB 2204 . Sign-up in Career Development, LIB 1213,
for interviews.
David Puryear. Dean of Atkinson Graduate School of Management at Willamete
University, available, 2-4 p.m., LIB 2101.
Christian Science College Organization meets, 2:15 p.m., LIB 2218.
Career Planning and Job Search workshop, noon-I p.m., LIB 1213. Bring lunch. Call
x6193 for info.
Media Production Video and Film Career workshop, 3-5 p.m., CAB 108. Call Career
Development, x6193, for info. or slOp by LIB 1213 for a roster of participants.

Friday, April 25
Last day WashPIRG refunds available for students not wishing to support the group,
II a.m.-I p.m., CAB Lobby. ID required. Call x6058 or stop by SEM 4158 for info.
Bryan Bowers plays autoharp, 8 p.m .• YWCA, So. 4th & Broadway, Tacoma. $6 admission. Call 863-6617 for info.
Support group for adult daughters and partners of Viet Nam veterans, 2-4 p.m., TESC
Counseling Center. Call x6800 for info.
Indian Shaker Church lecture demonstratoin, I :30 p.m., Cornish Institute, 710 E. Roy.
Project by Laura Courtney includes guests Pat Bennett, Shaker Minister, George Hottowee, Shaker. Call 323-1400 for info.

Saturday, April 26

1986 Earth Fair

Thursday, May 1

Sandy Bradley and Small Wonder String Band play, 8 p.m., YWCA, So. 4th & Broadway, Tacoma. $4 general; $2 kids. Call 863-6617 for info.
Housing kicks off Asian-Pacific Isle Heritage Week with a Hawaiian Luau, dinner
6 p.m ., Polynesian dance 7 p.m., LIB 4300. Free for housing residents; $1.50 nonresidents . Charge for all beverages. Sponsored by Housing, Asian-Pacific Isle Coalition and Third World Coalition. Call x6191 for info.
"Symphony Soiree" features Mud Bay Brass Band,8 p.m., Courtyard of Frederick
& Nelson, Capital Mall. Tickets $15 . Limited seating. Call Oly. Symphony Orchestra,
753-0074, for info .
Tacoma Junior Symphony and Tacoma String Symphony free concert, 7:30 p.m.,
Tacoma's Stadium High School Auditorium. Call 627-2792 for info.
Earth Fair features arts, crafts, food, alternative energy workshops and conservation
workshops. Speakers include State Rep. Jolene Unsoeld, spokespersons from Sierra
Club, Audobon Club and Energy Outreach Center. Free childcare available. Call Vince
Brunn, x6784, for info.
Overnight Healing Arts Forum at Organic Farm. 6 p.m. Sat.- 5 p.m. Sun. Workshops
include movement games , speaker from Big Mountain and visualization on becoming
a warrior. Sunday brunch will be served . Hot tub available. Bring sleeping bags and
blankets. $5 donation requesteiJ, but no one will be turned away. Contact Innerplace,
x6145, for info.
Solar sunspace home tour, fourth program in Women's Greenhouse Construction Project, departs, 9:30 a.m., Energy Outreach Center, 1620 E. 4th Ave. Open to everyone.
$5 per person; $7 couple.
"Father Goose," starring Cary Grant as a reclusive WW II plane spotter, noon Sat.
and Sun ., Market Theater, Pike Place Market's Lower Post Alley. $4 ticket includes
admission to Aquarium's Pacific Coral Reef exhibit. Call 382-1258 for info.
Chinese Medical Theory and Techniques offered by Evergreen Graduate Barbara Park
Sal . and Sun. Lively discussion and hands-on practice. Call 357-9470 for info.

Thursday Night Films and Asian-Pacific Isle Coalition present "Freckled Rice," "The
Departure" and" Fools Dance," dealing with the Asian American experience, 7 and
9:30 showtimes, L.H. I. Free childcare provided by Parents' Center for the 7 p.m.
show . Admission $1.50.The Enemy Inside: How We Keep One Another Powerless free workshop, 9-12 a.m.,
LIB Lobby.
Effective Leadership free workshop, 1-4 p.m., CAB 110.
"The Right Start" program for lifestyle decisions before and during early pregnancy,
7-9 p.m., May 1,8 and 15, Fitness Center, St. Peter Hospital. $15 per future-mom,
$5 support person. Call 456-7247 for info.
ACT opens season with "On the Razzle." Tom Stop pard 's new farce. Tickets on sale.
Call 285-5110.
May Day Films, sponsored by EPIC, include "The Japanese Zero," "What is Communism?" "Red Nightmare" and "The Checkers Speech ." Call x6144 for info.
Pablo Schugurensky performs, 9 p.m., Lynn McAllister Gallery, 601 2nd . Ave., Seattle.
Application deadline for International Volunteer Projects. Write Council on International Educational Exchange, 356 W. 34th Street, New York, N.Y. 10001, or call
(212)695-0293.

Ongoing and Future events
Anyone who registered to vote at the Info_ Center in March should talk to Loren,
x6300, Info. Center.
May 2. Childhood's End Gallery will show watercolors by Alex Young through June 4. Reception
for the artist, 6-8 p.m. May 2, Childhood's End
Gallery, 222 W. 4th Ave., Oly. Gallery hours MonSat 10 a.m.-6 p.m. and Sun. noon-5 p.m.

Sunday, April 27

May J. Run for Your Mom, includes 10 kilometer
or 2 mile course circling the college, 10 a.m. $4
registration before May 3, $6 with a T-shirt; raceday registration $6 or $8. Call x6530 for info.

Chinese Medical Theory and Techniques, see above.
Mt. Elinor Climbers depart, 6 a .m., A Dorm. Contact people in CRC 302 for info .

Monday, April 28

May 3. Jazz musician Deems Tsukakawa concludes
Asian-Pacific Heritage Week with a dance/concert,
9 p.m.-I a.m., LIB 4300. Common Cause will join
Tsutakawa. Admission $3 general; $2 for students.

Careers in Energy workshop, 1-3 p.m., LIB 2220. Professionals in the field will speak.
For info, contact Career Development, x6193.
Wastewater disposal workshop, includes speakers Bill Mullen, EPA, and Chris Haynes,
Dept. of Ecology, 7:30 p.m., Council Chambers of Oly . City Hall.
Potluck for people interested in feminism, homegrown economy, non-hierarchical structures, environmental studies, multi-cultural approaches, 5 p.m., CAB 110. Organizers
are putting together a group contract for next year. Call x6098 for info.

May 4. Free boomerang throwing and catching
clinic, 3-5 p.m., Campus Playfields. Cali x6530 for
info.

Tuesday, April 29

May 4. Sixth Annual Crop Walk to raise funds to
fight hunger, 1:30 a.m., Ingersoll stadium, near
Oly . High School. Call 866-151 I, 943-73-7310 or
786-8382.

All-day Bake Sale to help the Haida Indian Nation gain protection from logging companies chopping at their ancestral lands. Please contribute baked goods beginning at

May 6. Arthritis Self.Help Course begins, 6:3(}'9:30
p.m., room 202, St. Peter Hospital. Call 456-7247.

"Quality
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Mon. - Sat. 10:30 - 5:30

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The following reports of the two
subcommittees of the Strategic Planning Committee, the Environmental
Subcommittee, and the Values and
Aspirations Subcommittee, are presented for your review. Any comments regarding omissions should be
referred to Patrick Hill, LIB 3131.
The Planning Council is now moving towards integration of the two
subcommittees' reports and determining what future directions for the
college they present.
Important dates to remember:
May I
First draft of the strategic plan to be
available
May 7
Discussion of the strategic plan in alicampus meeting
12 noon-I:oo p.m. and 3-6:00 p.m.,
Lecture Hall I, and small group
discussions
May 8
Presentation and discussion of first
draft of the strategic plan
7:30-9:30 p.m., Lecture Hall 3 and
small group discussions
May 10
Presentation and discussion of first
draft of the strategic plan
10 a .m.-noon, Lecture Hall I,
June 4
Planning Council submits the
strategic plan to President Olander.
Students:
Alternative discussion of the two
subcommittees' reports on April 28,
8-9 a.m. in CAB 110, conducted by
representatives of strategic planning.

Committee Members:
John Aikin, Mattie Bloomfield,
Judy Corbit, Carolyn Dobbs,
Marilyn Erickson, Michael Huntsberger, Arnaldo Rodriguez, Barbara Smith, Nancy Taylor and Greg
Weeks

INTRODUCTION

Native American nations within the
geographic area known as Washington. Our use of the Washington State
terminology is not meant to impugn
that principle of sovereignty.
Contents of the Report
In the Political Environment section we have pulled together a
cohesive discussion of legislative
mandates for TESC followed by a
number of cost figures for Evergreen
and other colleges that have been
used for comparison. This section
also highlights the political issue of
Evergreen's attractiveness and
finishes with a brief discussion of the
politics of education in the legislature
and executive branches of Washington State government.
The second part addressed economic factors that may be important
in TESC's future; these items include
a shift in state industries, changes in
personal income, the hypothetical
disappearance of the middle class,
international trade interests, economic development efforts, and opportunities for higher education
within the economic changes that are
occurring in the state.
The third section pulls out several
demographic trends that are relevant
such as the "New Demographics"
phenomenon, changes in family
structure, migration patterns, in the
state, racial/ethnic compositions,
and student participation rates at
Evergreen by county.
Fourth is a detailed section on
educational trends nationally and at
the state level. Programmatic
changes are occurring at all levels in
the educational system, K-12, community colleges, and four-year colleges and universities . In addition to
these changes, educational issues,
such as quality, cooperation, access,
the 'need for new skills, and a reaffirmation of liberal arts and sciences,
are under discussion in this state and
elsewhere. Finally, career trends and
the future of financial aid funding
are also important elements in a profile of higher education in the future .
The fifth part of the report looks
at TESC's image in high schools, at
community colleges, other four-year
institutions in Southwest Washington, by employers and by legislators.
The last piece addresses our efforts
to communicate our work at TESC
more clearly and fully to people in
the external environment.
The last section summarizes quality of life issues within Washington
State to give some cultural focus to
external values and aspirations.
Some values included the importance
of the natural environment and environrl"ental quali,ty, frontier spirit,
person;,.! and environmental health,
labor history, support for education,
and pride in Washington State.
We believe the summaries presented in these six sections and the
conClusion of the report will provide
a solid foundation for understanding
and evaluating the external environment. More detailed materials are
available for each of these topics and
can be used to supplement this
report, as needed by the Planning
Council and decision-makers at
Evergreen. Members of our committee have gained a wonderful education during our research period; we
are pleased to share our results with
others who are also interested in
strategic planning and the future of
Evergreen.

In this. our final draft. we would
like to thank each of you who took
the time to read our reports and
those who also offered comments
about our work . We reviewed all
comments and made a number of
changes to our first draft based on
the suggestions. In some cases the
comments seemed more appropriate
to the strategic planning process after
April 23. Therefore, we have made
a packet of comments to forward to
the Planning Council.
In addition to changes in the first
draft, this report also includes a final
section on our conclusions. In this
part we have identified several important features in the external environment that we believe should be
used in conjunction with internaIlybased features to give direction to the
next phase of strategic planning. In
each feature presentation we have indicated a number of issues that surfaced in our research, and we have
begun to spell out consequences and
implications that these features and
issues suggest.
In your responses on April 23,
please respond not only to our conclusions, but also think about ways
to mesh our results with those
generated by the Values and Aspirations Committee. These integrating
ideas will be valuable to the Planning Council as it begins to work on
the first draft of Evergreen's
Strategic Plan on April 24.
Our report contains six major
background sections designed to present an overview of aspects of the external environment that we believe
will be useful for Evergreen in its
planning activities. These sections POLITICAL
are followed by a brief conclusion ENVIRONMENT
highlighting our results. All our work
was pursued within the context of Introduction
As a publicly-supported agency of
Evergreen as a state agency. in that
state
government, Evergreen necesit is dedicated to excellent education
and service to the citizens of the sarily operates in a political environment. Throughout the college's
state. We believe the external profile
history, that environment has been
we have sketched provides an endominated by four major political
vironment for position decisions and
issues concerning the college. These
many opportunities for Evergreen are:
within this context.
We refer throughout this report to A. The mandate of the college; that
Washington State; however, we is, what is the purpose of the institurecognize that there are sovereign tion (I) as expressed in the enabling

legislation, (2) as seen by the college's faculty and administration,
and (3) as perceived by any particular
state legislature or governor?
B. The cost of the college; the fact
that relative to "comparable" institutions, Evergreen costs more and
that relative to the economic condition of the state. the kind of education which Evergreen purveys is
sometimes seen as too costly for the
state to support.
C. The attractiveness of the college;
that is, if Evergreen is so good, why
has it failed to attract enough
students to grow and why is there
continued questioning of its
academic programs and graduates'
abilities?

D. The politics of education; that is,
a collection of turf wars among
geographic areas of the state, agencies, and institutions; and a struggle
among opposing views of the role of
higher education in the state.
Each of th ese major issues is
discussed below. It is important to
state at the outset that these issues
are complex and that the focus shifts
among them. It is also important to
understand that these political issues
need not dictate what the college
must do; rather they are features of
the environment which sound planning must take into account.
The College's Mandate
An examination of the college's
mandate (its role and mission)
reveals that there is a discrepancy
between what the college sees its role
to be and what some others perceive
as its mandate. The college has tended to see its major role as that of
educational reformer and innovator.
Others have tended to focus on the
college's role of providing educational services especially relevant to
state government or to its geographic
location in Southwest Washington.
The origins of this controversy are
complex (see "The Evergreen Study:
Report and Recommendations on
The Evergreen State College," CPE
Report No. 79-7). The college's
enabling legislation (H.B. 596, 1967)
grew out the work of the Temporary
Advisory Council on Public Higher
Education (T ACPHE), itself established by the legislature in 1965 (S. B.
489, 1965). TACPHE was charged
"To develop plans for the orderly
growth of public higher education
and to make specific recommendations on the need for and location of
new facilities and programs, including therein a recommendation as
to a new institution of public higher
education within the state." (CPE
Report No. 79-7, page 8).
T ACPHE retained the consulting
firm of Nelson Associates to develop
projected needs for higher education
through 1975. The emergent report
erroneously anticipated that nearly
17,000 students would be unable to
find a place in the existing four-year
colleges by 1975. TACPHE concluded that the state desperately needed
a new four-year college able to accommodate about ten thousand
students by 1975 (CPE, Report No.
79-7, page 9). Thus was Evergreen
born in a nationwide climate of
simplistic demographic projections
which also spawned such schools as
Governors State College, Sangamon
State College, and Santa Cruz.
T ACPHE considered at length
where the new college should be
located. The major criteria on which
they based their Olympia recommendation to the 1967 legislature were:
1. The new four-year college
should be located so as to be within
daily commuting distance of the
largest population of unserved
potential students . ["Only in the
lower Puget Sound region could a
new institution be so accessible to so
many potential college students living beyond commuting range of existing publicly- supported institutions." (TACPHE, 1966, pp 37-38»)
2. The new four-year college
should be located so as to reduce
enrollment pressures on those existing institutions whose facilities are

most strained. At the time these
schools were UW, WWSC, and
CWSc. [" A new state college in the
lower Puget Sound regio.n offers the
best hope for reducing enrollment
pressures on existing institutions by
providing nearby coll6ge places for
the largest popUlation concentration . . . " (TACPHE, 1966, pp
37-38»)
3. The new college should be
located so as to b'e able to absorb
substantial numbers of community
college transfers without overshadowing any individual community college. At the time, Thurston
County lacked (and did until two
years ago) any full-service academic
community college.
4. The new college should be
located so as not to compete with existing private colleges in the state of
Washington. TACPHE concluded
that the low college enrollment rate
of the South Puget Sound area
meant that there was enough potential demand to support a state institution without detriment to the
area's three existing private schools .
5. The new college should be
located in a rural setting adjacent to
an urban area so as to provide
enough land for orderly expansion
and yet be proximate to a diverse
cultural, economic, and social environment. Olympia was judged to
offer such a possibility.
The 1979 CPE report notes that
TACPHE "did not speak of a
southwestern Washington institution, but of a South Puget Sound institution." The later emphasis on
southwest Washington derives instead from the NAME chosen by the
1967 legislature for the college:
"Southwestern Washington State
College." It is apparent from a
reading of the background materials
that the present widely held perception that Evergreen was created to
serve southwest Washington is not
quite accurate . The college was indeed born out of demographic and
geographic considerations, but those
who foresaw the need for a new college were thinking in terms of South
Puget Sound, not southwestern
Washington.
The origins of the curricular portion of the college's mandate are also
complex. Neither TACPHE nor the
enabling legislation was specific
about the college's intended curriculum, other than in identifying a
list of degrees which were to be
authorized (CPE Report No. 79-7,
pp 13-14). It is worth noting that the
list of degrees which the college was
originally authorized to offer included the following: The degrees of
bachelor and masters of arts in
education, BA and BS degrees in
general studies, MA and MS degrees
in general studies, and an associate
aegree in nursing (HB 596, 1967).
The earliest documentable
reference to the possibility that the
college might have an unusual educational format is a comment by the
then-Chairman of The Senate Higher
Education Committee and member
of T ACPHE, Senator Gordon Sandison at an August, 1967, meeting
with the newly appointed Board of
Trustees for the college (CPE Report
No. 79-7, page 14). Senator Sandison
advised the Board to study the innovations of other colleges around
the country and called for "a college
that ... can be as modern fifty years
from now as at the present" (The
Daily Olympian, August 31, 1967).
The subsequent development of
the college's curricular structure
owes a great deal to two factors . The
first is a pair of reports prepared by
Arthur D. Little, Inc., in 1968 for the
Board of Trustees. The second is the
deliberate hiring of a planning faculty and founding president, Charles
McCann, whose very job descriptions included a charge that they insure that Evergreen would not be
"just anQther four-year college"
(Tacoma News Tribune. December
12, 1968). It is clear from a review
of the documents of the period that
the the Trustees. President McCann,
and the planning faculty all saw the
establishment of an "innovative"
college as a crucial part of what they
had been appointed to do.
The details of the development of
,he college's curriculum are described in the 1979 CPE Report previous-

Subcommittee Report I
Iy cited . For the present purposes,
the significant point is that the curricular innovations which have
stamped the college from the, day it
opened ~ere almost entirely selfgenerated . The consulting firm proposed that the college give students
a greater role in planning their own
educations, that the college be closely
associated with the state government
to which it was so geographically
close, that academic offerings should
be organized along problem lines and
taught in an interdisciplinary context, and that the campus be
physically innovative. The Trustees,
President McCann and the planning
faculty responded favorably to many
of these ideas and hammered them
into a working institution. The
legislature was notably absent from
these discussions.
Today, in 1986, all this history is
submerged. Evergreeners feel that
the college was born to innovate .
Some legislators feel the college was
born as another regional university.
The depth of the submerging may be
seen from an informal series of interviews conducted by Jack Daray in
1985-86 with key policy actors within
state government: of twenty-two
legislators and policymakers asked to
state the original purpose of the col lege, eight identified service to
southwest Washington as primary,
eleven identified educational innovation as primary, and three identified
service to state government as
primary. Yet, as we have seen,
NONE of these three categories of
answers is precisely correct. Each
contains an element of truth, but
each has also been subtly distorted.
To the extent that the college has
a geographical mandate, it is apparent that this mandate was more
closely identified with South Puget
Sound than southwestern Washington: "It [TESq can't be said to
serve Southwestern Washington very
adequately when it is located 100
miles from the largest population
center of the area." (Vancouver Columbian, January 29, 1968). The
disappointment of Southwest Washingtonians reflected in this "Vancouver Columbian" comment was
very real and persists as a source of
bad feeling towards the college even
today.
To the extent that the college has
a mandate for curricular innovation,
it has been largely self-generated,
although it is now very widely believed to have been part of the enabling
legislation.
To the extent that the college has
a mandate to serve state government
and to take advantage of state
government in its curriculum, this
mandate derives more from a sense
of lost opportunity than from any
legislatively expressed intent.
The mandate under which
Evergreen operates is a chameleon.
The fact that twenty-two out of
twenty-two legislators and policy
makers are wrong about the college's
original mandate does not mean that
they can be safely ignored. Instead,
the college must identify the hopes
and fears which lie beneath the varying statements of the mandate and
address these. Many of the factors
are identified elsewhere in the environment committee's report:
economic distress in southwestern
Washington, explosive growth in the
Puget Sound basin, and financial
pressures on state agencies and the
legislature to do more with less all
contribute to a widely shared sense
that however valuable educational
innovation may be, the PRESENT
mandate of the college must include
constructive responses to valid external needs . To ignore these would be
to risk that the college will eventually be given a detailed and specific
candidate from the legislature.

The Cost of the College
It's a fact: Evergreen costs more
to operate than the other state supported institutions . The differences
are almost entirely due to indirect
costs: The direct cost of instruction
at TESC is quite comparable to that

Subcommllfee Report 2
In the regional universities, as shown
In the following table.
Table I

as an argument to close or restructure the college In response, the college has claimed that If It were able
and allowed to grow to somewhere
around 4,000 students With NO additIOnal Indirect support dollars, liS
indirect costs would then be comparable to those of the three regional
univefSllles Yet, the college has
never been able to grow to that level,
In part because even when the college COULD meet higher enrollment
targets, the state has been unWilling
to fund that growth on the direct cost
Side of the budget. We appear to be
caught In a double-bind. Moreover,
growth to anything like 4,000
students Without any additional funding for support functions such as
libranes, lab sCience and art stUdIOS,
computers, student serVices, etc
would be disastrous for Evergreen 's
curriculum

Direct Instructional Costs,

Inslltu(lOn
CWU

1983-85

$2,393 (per
student)
$2,410
$2,271

EWU
WWU
Regional
Weighted Ave .
WSU and
UW Average
TESC

$2,348
$2,611
$2,545

(Data rrom 'Fmal Report on The Evergreen

Stale Co llege In respo nse to RC W 288 40 240
and 244 . 1985 and from Steve H'Jntcr, per·

To the extent Ihal direct costs are
higher for Evergreen, tillS can be
seen as a result of two factors ( I) the
complete absence of graduate stu dent teaching aSSistants, (2) the high
percentage of older faculty, (3)
historical tendency to hire al high
levels of experience All Imply hlghcr
faculty sa lanes
When one look s at indirect costs,
Ihe picture" dlfierent

When Evergreen's unit costs are
compared with those of "peer" Inslltullons rather that other
Washington publ iC InstitutIOns, the
figures are more favorable. As part
of the fmal report on the college
prepared by the CPE In 1985, the

Table II
••••• lnd, ' !' , 1 SU ll c rt CO . ( II ,"r ,
A, .. J ~ .I (
III
Stv d · fl l

St ud!"'... .
1'1

"I n

] nf;t 't u l lon

:; u, . "

1111 )

:. .. ,-, II ~16

IId. 11I

01> "

CW '

, ~ ~

,

. ] Sf

1 2 0 1'

I',h O

HI-

19 1

24 7

22"

EWI
.WI

H.,

...

W,

OSl

"
TES e

,,.

.'

81.

TE :){

( 11111 8

B'
B-

II<

27A

. s.

1 7J

"8

2n

n'

n.

"'

2 57

6-'
65"

J9.
,.7

~!.O

47'

7] ,

439

• HI

4. '

6 1e

)9S"

fI - l t l "

I

01 I

lit I

~ )' ~ J

0"
"I ,77

1 !.Jf, 9

1.80 H

I

pP..-IIono'

,14 0

I0 2 !J

I Q-

9

9ge

01 0

"

{" ".lIun J C llt Jon

These data (which are Similar to the
1983-85 biennium data contailled In
the rmal report on Evergreen) show
that In every smg,Je category the mdirect costs of supportmg a student
at Evergreen are the highest of any
state supported four-year mstltutlon.
The largest differences are m the per
studenl COSIS for libraries, general
a dmmlstratlon, and plant operations
and mamtamance These are precisely the areas which have the largest
fixed costs regardless of enrollment
It mu st be pomted out that direct
com pan sons of mstltutlons are difficult at best, due to slglllf!cant differences m programs, location of
ccrtam cost centers. percentage of
phYSica l facilities not yet fully
owned In spite of thiS, the overall
pomt IS clear: Evergreen's mdlfeci
costs are the highest of alit he fouryear slale-supported schools
Thi S Issue has come to be called
the " unit cost Iss ue ," and It 's an
albatross wh ich has been hung
around the college's neck slllce the
day Evcrgreen opened The queStion
was firsl Identified m the CounCil for
Pos lsew ndary EducallOn's 1972-73
Unit Cost Study It has figured very
heaVily m most legislati ve crlllclsm....
of the college and (at least 011 the surlace) becn thc rcaso n for man y probes ml o whether Ihe college IS well
run, worlhwhlle. etc
The hi stOrical data on Ullit costs
are dl sco uragm g In the pasl four tee n years slllce the Issue first was
raISed. therc has been little Change m
the relationship bel ween Evergreen's
lIllil costs and those of the regIOnal
1I1l1 Ve rsiti es (wllh which the college
IS most frequ ently wmpared) Thc
follO Wi ng tabl e show s these compansons for the years m which da la
were available'

671

(r o.

S

CPE compared Evergreen's Ullit
costs wllh tho se of 12 public mstllutlons Judged to be m some ways comparable m miSSion to Evergreen
These data show Evergreen to be
m the mid-range 01 total costs
Table IV
1981

IUI ~ h. s

S l l NV

2 17 4

...

e ,.1

Z 6R H
4,30 0

7 1 1:1 1
7 , 17 1:j
7 on·
7 O~4

~,260

t:,tJ; .

2 Z IP
~

Ca l

( C ~ \

St lll ~

StanlllllUI
S t ilt .. C ull
( r~

""DIN" , l

f

414

TEse

2

76~

6 •

1I t'l llwllr" Stetp red!
5 1!'"
Pollldal)

:!

1 2P

6,211

'"
'"

~

9:JB

~

90 4

~,

8 [. 0;

5 "'"
Old w*"t;tl.uf)
eel S tal,.
San 8~rn8dln o

4 960

These data "Indicate
Evergreen 's costs may be conSidered
fairly modest when compared to mstltUlions of Similar size and misslon." (Idem) The data also raise the
poSSibility that the reah7..atlon may be
dawmng that Evergreen's costs will
have to be studied m a way that IS
sensilive to factors other than simply the fact that the college IS one of
four regional state colleges
Another cost companson that IS
particularly IlIumlnatmg IS between
Evergreen and PRIVATE IIlSlitu lion s wlthm t he state The table on
the followlllg page graphically shows
three "clusters" of mstltutlons m a
plot 01 Si ze versus cost per FTE student One cluster IIIcludes the two
research mSlltulions, which havc
fa irly high costs and support very
large student populations. The second cluster mcludes the three stalesupported reglOnals The third
cluster lIIc1udes Ihe Slate 's smaller
pnvate colleges AND Evergreen!

(O" TS....

.UINDIHffT C") ' '.) •• '

PI'I

T~ sr

H"llnnlll

. 0

1 I (i7
1 3~ "
14 3 J
Z~4 "

909
IO!:l9
1 24 1

IgO R
20 ' 7
200:'

If>44

3427
J 15 I

I(

of T(S '

III O lr ... rl

14

71

R"ll o nfll

III

"7 -

" "
",

.'
A'

B'

Dill

fI

h.

I I 16 "
11 2 l l
I J J EI.'
I ~ J4 fj
fro_ C p,

Nt'

,' Vr I

N.

,.

IBO ~

7.

~ f ln. 1

In spIte of more than a decade of
determilled effort, !:vergreen 's Indirect Unit costs have never been less
than 61 % greater than those of the
three regIOnal umversltles and III the
mo st recent biennium Will be about
74"70 greater
The political ImplicatIOns of thiS
fact for the college cannot be
overstated Evergreen has been
repeatedly beaten about the ears by
those allX.lous to use its high umt cost

...

231

7 11 2

Sono_"

e t"" ... ..

,9

J, ~oq

St at...
Bakf"rflf'ld
Mun r. flC"J d S 181 .. (P A '
Unl " "'II COnl ln
Sup ... r l ol
~llI t,.

H~ed n' unl

Table III

y"

Brewster QuestIOn (which derives Its
name from an article by David
Brewster m The Weekly, Nov. 13-19,
1985) asks whether the state of
Washmgton can afford an institution
of Evergreen's quality. Regardless of
how good the college may be, III the
present woeful state of slllking state
revenues and federal cutbacks, can
the state afford such a college?
The Brewster QuestIOn and the
unll cost Issue become parllcularly
acute when seen in the context of a
dismal forecast of available state
revenues for the next five to ten
years. Some of the facts about state
fundmg of higher education which
must be acknowleged are'
1. Although Washlllgton ranks
high nationally m terms of participatIOn in education (3rd among the
states In those earning high school
diplomas, 19"70 of citizens with college degrees, 4th highest partiCipatIOn rate In two-year colleges, etc .),
the state ranks almost at the bottom
(47th) III terms of expenditures for
educauon
2. H igher educatIOn as a percentage of the total Washmgton state
budget has been m decline for several
years, from a high of about 15"70,
down to 10"70 m the current blenilium. In the face of a n Slng need for
human services durlllg federal
budget cutbacks and hard economiC
times; in the face of a growing elderly and K-12 population through the
ycar 2000, and m the face of proJected declilles III graduaung high
school selllors through 1995, one
must expect thiS trend to contillue.
Overall, revenue shortfalls have
held real growth In programs other
than fundmg of penSIOns, K-12 full
fundlllg, and carryforward of salary
expenses, below 3 3"70 III the last
several bien ilia; a figure that IS below
inflatIOn III goods and services for
the comparable period.

''"

Ti S(

l;o.t"

R~ ' l o n.l.

.'.,

10

o.

I

74

• n Th •

These data suggest that Evergreen
might be most comparable to a
small, private hberal arts college in
both Size and unit costs .
ThiS leads naturally IIlto a diSCUSSion of absolute costs. Beyond the
umt cost Issue with Its emphaSIS on
mcreasing the size of the college and
decreaslllg ItS support budgets, lies
an Issue which the environment commIttee has dubbed "The Brewster
Question." Simply stated, The

'

5,B3,

3. The tax structure of the stale IS
parllcularly unstable due to ItS heavy
rehance on the sales and B&O taxes
Dunng economic downturns, state
revenues decline rapidly, forclllg
massive budget cuts. Should the proposed reVISion III the federal tax code
ehmmate the current deductions for
state sales taxes, the pnmary source
of state tax revenues might be further affected.
When coupled With the poor
economic outlook for Washlllgton
that IS documented elsewhere III the
environment committee's report,
these facts about state tax revenues
make II unlikely that thc state will be
able to expand expenditures for
higher educatIOn slgmflcantly III Ihe
next rive to ten years . Realistic plannlllg musl therefore assume that
however the college responds to I he
demands rai sed here and III Ihe
values and aspirations section of Ihe
planlllng document, there will be
few , If any, additIOnal funds
available.
The three related Issues discussed
III thiS sectIOn (umt costs , absolute
costs, and state revenues) create a
difficult political context III which to
operate. on the one hand, the college
IS attacked because it costs too much
per st udent on t he other hand, the
stale is unable to fund the growth III
students which might lower the costs
Yet In a way, the present paralYSIS
may be a blessing . There IS senous
doubt as to whether If the college
were forced to operate at the same
umt costs as the other state inslitutions , It would be able to mailltam
anything like Its present curncular
structure. Narrative evaluations; mtenslve use of media, arts, SCience,
and computer facililies; quality
library support; and small classes are
all expensIve . Were Evergreen ever
really forced to operate at the same
unit costs as the regionals, It might

have to BE pretty much like the
reglOnals.
In the long run the college MUST
find a way to defuse the unit cost and
Brewster Issues and shift the discussIOn to another plane. There are indications from Jack Daray that
pohcymakers might be receptive to
a long-range plan which combmed
some growth for the college (and
thus some reduction In unit costs)
with a claim for a "speCial" status
for Evergreen as the state's "quality" lIberal arts college With an
acknowledged higher-than-average
cost.
In the short run, whatever growth
and programmatic changes are made
Will have to be accommodated wlthlll
a budget which is essentially fixed,
except (perhaps) for funds to hire
some additional faculty . New programs Will have to be operable wlthm
current support costs or they Will
have to displace eXlstlllg programs to
release funds
In both cases the college will have
to make a contillual effort to show
that It IS dOlllg Its best to operate effiCient ly and that the quahty of the
education It provides IS worth the extra cost
The Attractiveness of the College
Evergreen's non-traditIOnal curncular structure, Its sometimes unconvenlional and outspoken students
and faculty, and perhaps most of all,
Its newness have led to a perceptIOn
among some policy makers that the
college has failed to grow because It
was somehow out of synch with what
the state needs or wants. The foregoIIIg analySIS strongly argues that actually the college has grown slowly
mostly because the intitial demograph iC projectIons on which It was
founded were wildly wrong and
because (more recently) the state has
artIfiCially restrained growth by
limltlllg funding. Arguments could
also be made that Evergreen may be
Just the nght size for a statesupported liberal arts college.
Evergreen IS virtually the only surVivor among a large number of such
colleges founded at the end of the
1960's; the others either folded from
lack of student demand, modified
their programs, or became so large
they could no longer functIOn as
ongmally IIItended (compare Santa
Cruz, for example). In additIOn, the
recent spate of good press (especially natIOnal coverage in "U .S. News
and World Report," "Seventeen,"
etc.) has led to more Widespread acceptance of the Idea that the college
IS attractive. Perhaps most important, applicatIOns have been riSing
rapidly III the last two years, espeCially among the student populatIOn
which was preVIOusly used as
eVidence for the college's lack of attractiveness : high school direct admits from Washlllgton. Detailed
figures are presented elsewhere III
thiS report, but the Important pomt
for thiS seClion IS that as the college
has begun to attract larger numbers
of mstate high school students, It has
begun to fulfill the role foreseen by
T ACPHE. Evergreen really IS startmg to serve t he lower Puget Sound
area and to drain off enrollment
pressures from Its sister schools. The
fastest T1Smg geographIcal source of
Evergreen freshpeoplc IS now Kmg
County
If Ih,s trend conunues, the
pohlicallssue phrased as a lack of attractiveness Will rapIdly recede In Importance, PROVIDED that the college meets the needs of the new
students It IS now attracting. In ItS
place we may filld other political
Issues denvmg , for example, from
fears at the other institutions that
Evergreen threatens THEIR
enrollments. In this connection it's
worth notmg that the most recent
bien mal budget involved an explicit
reduction in WSU's enrollment by
114 FTEs so that Evergreen could
grow while holding the total budget
constant (Jack Daray, presentation
to environment committee, Feb 19,
1986).
Related to the polillcal issues concerning whether Evergreen IS attractive to students is a more general
legislative concern about measurable
outcomes in higher education . The
legislature is increasingly anxious
that state programs (including those

higher education) should produce
measurable outcomes that allow for
quanlilative comparisons of programs in terms of productivity and
effectiveness. Histoncally, higher
education has been the focus of
critIcism for being unwilling to look
CTltlcaily at Itself and for being
unable to deSCribe what tangible
results It produces.
One source of data which Evergreen (and other insututions) has used to address such concerns IS placement data. These data have some
value, but are obViously mcapable of
measunng many aspects of a successful educational outcome The
fact that Evergreen's placement
statistics have been good ( see a later
section of this report) has helped address the attractiveness issue, but the
college should probably resist moves
to make Job placement statistlcs mto some sort of outcome measure.
Instead, II Will be necessary to
develop outcome measures With
which we are prepared to live. To the
extent that we can do this before It
IS demanded, the college may be able
to defuse a growmg political Issue.
ThiS IS particularly likely to work If
done m cooperatIOn With the H igher
Education Coordlnatmg Board and/
or the other four-year institutions

III

The Politics of Education
In addition to the political factors
which are specific to Evergreen, there
are other politIcal factors whIch affect all of higher educatIOn. These,
too, must be taken Into account m
the planmng process. Most of these
factors were Identified for the environment committee by Jack Daray
in a February 16, 1986, briefing. The
most important ones arc these:
I. Legislators tend to become IIlvolved in higher education for one of
three reasons: first, some legislators
see higher education as a populist
Issue. They, therefore, tend to support "access," meaning low tulUon,
open admiSSions, geographic convenience, etc. Second, some legislators
see higher educalion m terms of the
college/univer51ty in theIr districtit's something they can't ignore.
Finally, some legislators see higher
education as a potential arena for
"high action," that is, as a place
where politically IIlterestlllg things
might happen.
Sadly, none of these groups tends
to become deeply concerned about
Issues of QUALITY m education;
they com pal e the percentage of state
dollars With other states, see It'S
about the same, Ignore the total
number of dollars, and blame any
quality problems on poor mstltu- _
tlOnal management.

2. OuTIng the last three blenma the
leglslalive and executive branches
have focused on issues other than
higher education. At a time when
court decISIOns have forced the state
to IIlcrease spending on K-12, state
prisons, fishenes management, and
comparable worth; higher educauon
has seemed like a safe place to cut.
Moreover, III comparison to promises of clean water, economic
revltahzatlon, etc; higher education' s repeated pleas simply to be
funded at a percentage of formula
have not looked very excltmg. Ergo,
no new money. Indeed, smce the real
fun of being the Governor or bemg
m the legislature IS to start high
VISibility mltltatlves, the temptation
IS to use higher education as a budget
balancer to free at least some money
for an initllative pool to use
elsewhere.
3. The last three legislalive sessions
have seen the emergence of a funding
pattern whIch could baSically be
described as "obligate the next guy":
a new program is begun which everyone knows will cost a lot, but the bill
won't come due for a few years . Examples include "full funding" of
baSIC education and comparable
worth .
4. There IS a growmg tendency to
handle policy issues on an ad hoc,
"policy by exception" basis rather
than by coherent plannillg. Part of
this is simpl5' an attempt to respond
to tight revenues by deflecting
pressure, as in the case of the increasing focus on "outcomes' . Part of it
also reflects the absence of a stable

policy staff in the higher educlltion
area, the uncertainty reflected in the
progression from CPE to HECB,
and the perception that the higher
education institutions don't coordinate very well With each other.
The long-term response to these
trends is likely to be some sort of
higher education "superboard"
unless the HECB is more successful
m establishing overall pohcy directions than have been its predecessors.
The opportunity IS there for the
HECB and the institutions to seize
the Inltialive and take the hIgh road
of policy focusing . In the case of
Evergreen, this might include some
form of Identification with a special
mission.
5. For several biennia the IIlstltutlons successfully used the fundmg
formulas to "ratchet their funding,"
that is, by getting more students,
they'd get more dollars, so they
could get more students, so they
could get more dollars . . .
In the last biennium the Grimm
Formula effectively put a stop to this
practice. The legislature is now firmly in control of enrollment and intends to balance the enthusiasm for
"access" against the need for fiscal
stability. As a consequence, the
legislature IS now paYing more attention to regulating enrollment tools
such as off-campus programs and
summer school.
There are growing indications that
enrollment allocation will increasingly be based on serving people where
they are; for example, on "urban
place-bound adults." In this regard
Evergreen is exceedingly well
situated. As Table VI shows, 11.8"7.
of the state's population is within 30
miles of the campus, the second
highest proportion in the state.
Perhaps TACPHE's focus on South
Puget Sound as the college's service
area was prophetic after all.
6. The frustration with perceived
inept management in the state
bureaucracy -always endemlc- IS
rismg as budgets tighten. ThiS IS
manifesting itself in mcreasing interest/pressure to have higher education in general (and Evergreen in particular) DO SOMETHING to help
prepare the people who will be the
middle-level managers in agencies
such as DSHS. Evergreen's location
In the state capitol makes us particularly well-suited to address needs
of state government.
Likewtse, there IS increasing interest/pressure for state- supported
higher education to DO SOMETHING to help the state out of its
economic difficulties. In Evergreen's
case this is particularly applicable
given that southwestern Washington
IS especially suffering.
These demands for public service
create both a threat and an opportunity for the college . The threat IS
that the absence of a response will
mtensify the calls that the college IS
irrelevant and out of touch with the
commuruty that needs it. The opportunity is that creative plans to address these needs could generate new
funding and growth for the college
as well as be of real help to the people of the state.
Summary
The political environment sketched above is not all negative . The college has some significant opportun
ties; III some ways better ones
than it has ever had. The college is
balanced on the southern edge of an
area of growing population and
relative econOffilC health AND on the
northern edge of an area that needs
help in solving desperate economic
problems. It may be possible to draw
on the north for students to drive
down the unit costs and claim that
the college is serving the urban placebound adults who are now seen as
the major focus of higher education.
At the same time it may be possible
to undertake new programs which
offer servIce to state government and
address the economIc problems to
the southwest.
Most of the college's political
problems are historical and will
decline as more and more students
go into the state's communities after
a successful experience. Dan Evans
was fond of displaying editorials
from the 1880's Seattle papers call-

ing for the closure of the then-new
University of Washington. Some
wounds time does heal. The trick is
to avoid making new ones.

ECONOMIC
FACTORS THAT
ARE LIKELY TO
INFLUENCE TESC'S
FUTURE
Introduction
ThIS sectlon presents a vanety of
factors that we think will have an mfluence on economic activity . The
diSCUSSion begills With the more fundamental factors and moves on to
some of their Implicatlons as well as
what we perceIve as less Important
trends and forecast events . The
pnmary purpose of this exercise IS to
identify opportunities for Evergreen
in the changing economic environment. There is inevitably a certain
degree of discomfort associated with
moving from a known and relatively prosperous past to an uncertam
future . The intent of this report is to
point out some of the terrain of that
future and help identify ways
Evergreen can thrive and better serve
the needs of its constituency.
Although most of our data focus
on the private economic sector in the
state, the importance of the military
presence cannot be discounted
economically. Military spending m
Washington state contributes approximately four btllion dollars in income per year. This money comes
from the Army, Navy, and Air Force
military bases and procurement contracts for firms doing business WI th
the Department of Defense
("Economic Impact Study" by SIXth
Sense, 1985.)
The Economic Factors We Think
Will Be Important to Consider in
Planning for TESC's Future
A. The shift from manufacturing to
service industries
There has been a lot of diSCUSSion
at the national level about a transformation to a new type of economy
that IS often called an "information
age" or a "post-industrial
economy." Regardless of the terminology, it is clear that many
observers think somethmg fundamental is going on in term.s of national Industrial structure . In
Washington State, even a cursory examination of the data mdicates that
we are in the midst of a major
change in the structure of our
economy. The state Employment
Secunty Department compiles data
on employment and wages for
workers In Industnes and firms
covered by unemployment insurance. These data, called "covered
employment," Illustrate the kinds of
changes being experienced by the
Washington state economy.
Table I

Co vered B.ploy.ent

J~(J"'8trY

Yf9!!o1P

non - a,rlc
ManufecturJn,
Lu.ber .. wood

All

Aero.pllc~

Retall

rln.,

dustries grew at only a sluggish twenty percent. At the other extreme, the
service industries grew to more than
three times their 19S8 employment
levels by 1987. Retail trade approximately doubled its employment over
the period, while state and local
government and finance, insurance
and real estate all exceeded the
statewide non- agncultural average
growth m employment.
B. The decline of resource-based
industries,
The Washmgton state economy
has tradlllOnally depended on
resource-based industries to drive its
economy. Led by the forest products
mdustrles, other Important resourcebased industries mclude flshmg and
agriculture. While Washington agriculture has yet to suffer to the extent
of mid-western agriculture, there are
dramatic changes taking place in
terms of increasing farm size and rismg debt to Inco'me raliOS for
Washington farms (see Ak ira
Tsuneyoshi's MPA Applications
Project, TESC). The forest products
industries have experienced nearly a
one-third loss of employment smce
the peak employment year of 1978.
The industry IS not expected to
recover to former high levels of
employment. Even If these mdustries
grow to former production levels,
automation and changes m production techniques will make it a far less
labor intensive set of industries than
in the past (DCD Coastal Study).
C. Changes In the structure and
levels of state personal Income
Personal mcome is the income that
actually goes to mdividuals and
families (as opposed to businesses or
other entities). Richard Nafziger,
working with data from the state
Economic and Revenue Forecast
Council, has found that while real
personal mcome has generally increased (see Nafziger, fig. I), it has
not increased as fast as in the nation
as a whole (see Nafziger, fig. 2) and
all of the IIlcrease can be attributed
to growth in non-wage Incomepredominantly profits, interest and
dividend income. The wage portion
of real personal mcome experienced
vlrhlally no growth smce 1978 (see
Nafziger, fig. 4).
D. The disappearing middle class
This controversial hypothesis was
first popularly advanced by Robert
Kutner in a famous 1983 article in
The AtlantiC Monthly entitled "The
Disappeanng Middle." The essence
of the hypotheSIS is simple: If we are
losing well-paid manufactunng Jobs
and gaining poorly paid service sector and retail trade Jobs, the middle
income, blue collar jobs that have
hlstoncally been the mainstay of the
American middle class will be far
more scarce. Thus, the mIddle class
will disappear. Kutner thinks this will
have widespread social implication
ranging from political instability to
changes III family structure to
changes in buying patterns. Regardless of the validity of thiS hypotheSIS

trade
]n~.

,

1 ~8~

:\ Chengf"

J 95t1 - B7

if~r~£~!!J

1 , 640,500
284,900
40,700
66,700
300,900

123 .39'
37 71

- 10 87
19. I B
171.58

Real

Aslate

ServIce.
Sta1.e, Local Gov
Federal ,oyl

94.500
349,600
270,000
69,000

As can be seen in Table I, over a
period of nearly thirty years, the
state has been experiencing a relative
decline in manufactUring employment and a relative increase in retail
trade and service sector employment.
The reasons for this change in industrial structure are not at all clear.
Contributing factors include the pattern and pace of automation, competition from overseas competitors,
American managerial practices, and
many others. Since much of the rest
of this section can be interpreted as
an elaboration of the trends displayed in Table I, let us be clear
about what it says. Manufacturing
employment has grown at approximately one-third the rate of all nonagricultural employment over the
29-year period covered by the data.
Similarly, lumber and wood products employment actually declined
by ten percent and the aerospace in-

J 93
324
J 60.
39

00
27
8)

62

to the national economy, It does
seem pertinent for Washington
State. As discussed III the section on
personal income, the wage and salary
portion of real personal income has
been stagnant for 15 years. With the
decline m employment m the wood
products industry, at least porlions
of the state are in a prolonged recession. A study by the Oregon State
Department of Labor forecasts a
long term shortage of what it called
"family wage jobs," and the
methodology suggests these results
may well apply to Washington as
welL
E. The growth of small business
Nearly all the growth in employment nationally in recent years has
come from small businesses (reference to MIT study). While there is
no direct evidence for applying this
finding to Washington state, the pattern of industrial growth (see Table

I) suggests that this phenomenon
may be happening here. Many of the
service industries are dominated by
small scale enterprise as are the
fastest growing segments of retail
trade (eating and drinking establishments) . It appears likely that much
of the future growth in employment
in Washington state will take place
III small scale enterprises
F. International trade
Western Washlllgton ports are one
full day closer to Pacific Rim nations, and there IS conSiderable mterest m t he future of internatIOnal
trade m Southwest Washmgton.
However, the degree to whIch the
region as a whole can successfully
pursue trade m the future is largely
dependent on the current status of
any given port. Further, commulllty leaders express widely divergent
views about educational resources
needed to bolster IIlternational trade.
In the metropolitan areas where
IIlternationaitrade IS already a strong
concern, qualitative data seem to mdlcate a present future need for high
level skills In diplomacy, foreign
language, high-level management,
and Pacific Rim studIes.
• In Thurston County, a need to
contillue eXlstmg sister-city relallonShiPS, and begm new ones, on behalf
of governments and busillesses
(Hunter / McLachlan Southwest
Washington Study, page 5) . In
educatIOn, continued offermgs in
Japanese language and culture, and
teacher exchange programs (ibId.,
page 6 ).
• In Pierce County, need for broad
skills to coordinate economic development, as the port grows, particularly with the' new SeaLand
facihtles (Pierce County Study, page
3).
• In King County, a strong concern
that federal regulations will tighten
trade restnctions (Kmg County
Study, page 4); and a general need
to develop and maintain state-of-theart telecommumcations systems
(Ibid ., page 2).
T/tese counties already have functlo,lal trade relationships, ready access to land transportation, and
operating trade faCilities. Generally,
the study IIldlcates trade actIVities
may be dependent on broad cultural
and management studies areas.
The other regIOn of Washmgton
which looks to mternauonal trade as
a source of economic development
lies in the PaCific Coast countlesClallam and Grays Harbor particularly, but also Jefferson and
PaCifiC counties. These areas, still
reeling from the crash of resourcebased mdustries, such as timber and
fishmg, lag much farther behind in
the sophIstIcatIOn of their mternalional trade efforts . Further, these
isolated regions have major problems to overcome, if internatIOnal
trade IS to become a strong economic
force. The quahtative data show:
• Port Angeles harbor IS an excellent deep-water Site, closer than
any other to PaCIfiC RIm natIOns .
However, costs for mland transportatIOn will be very high, and there IS
extremely strong resistance to
petroleum products trade due to envIronmental concerns (Ibid, page 4) .
• Similar aspirallons and problems
eXist m Aberdeen (Grays Harbor
County Study, page 3).
• Economic decline III Paci flc
County has been so severe that there
are no data to support any strong
movement towards trade development from Ilwaco (PaCifIC County
Study, page 2).
In these far less developed regions
there IS a strong need for more basic
kinds of community developmenl
skills. Most local Economic Development CounCils are Just now formmg ,
and there IS little coordination wlthlll
the commullitles themselves. Such
coordmauon appears cruCIal to the
establishment of strong trade missions. There IS also a strong need for
environmental planning m these
regions, to reconcile local fears about
the environment with the possible environmental costs asSOCiated With international trade.
G. Economic Development
The present and future directions
of international trade are indicative
of general trends in economic development. Again, there IS strong
evidence that the Southwest Wash-

Subcommittee Report 3
ington region represents two nearly
distinct sets of circumstances for
economic development.
In the well-developed metropolitan-based areas, economiC development seems to center on cooperation,
broad planning, and regIOnal marketing. There is a strong Interest m
the general restructuring of the
State's revenue base as an incentive
to economic development and m present and future employees wllh
strong commUllicatlOns skills.
.In Kmg County there are aspirations toward more small high-level
bUSinesses, along the Imes of
Microsoft (KlIlg County Study, page
3). Microsoft IS often used as the
strongest example of worthwhile
development The King County
Economic Development Council
(EDC) mamtaills a sophisticated
data base of local bus messes ,
operates a busmess retention program; and coordmates wllh commUlllty colleges and four-year mStitulions on the needs of buslllesses.
(King County Study, page 5)
• In Pierce County, two curren I
Issues are cooperative goal setting m
the three branches of county government, and marketing of the county
as a whole. One concern for the
future IS a need for busilless parks
With eXisting infrastructures, for
sewer, water and garbage utilities
(Pierce County Study, pages 3, 5)
• Clark County leaders enVISion the
region as the "next SilIcon Valley"
(Clark County Study, page 4).
Generally, these areas have
already adopted broad, fairly aggressive regional marketing strategies. As they look toward the
future, they see themselves as
needmg Individuals with fairly
speCific high-level skills, who can
drop directly into these specifiC efforts. In some cases, these regions do
not expect those personnel resources
to come naturally from higher educalion. "Instead of higher educatIOn
leadmg the way to economIc development, economIC development IS
dragglllg hIgher education alongoften klckmg and screaming" (Clark
County Study. page 5).
In those less-developed counties ,
economic development efforts are
sull m theIr formative stages. Further, these areas seem to look more
favorably upon higher education as
resource
for
economic
a
development:
• In almost all formerly lumberbased areas, commullity leaders look
to touTlsm as a major new economic
resource . However, there seems to be
little consideratIOn of the low-wage
nature of tounsm Industnes, and few
of these locations have strong
"destmatlOn pomts" (Clallam,
Grays Harbor, PacifiC , Wahklakum
studies).
• Economic Development CounCils
are Just now formmg III Grays Harbor and Jefferson counlles.
• Port Townsend expresses a strong
mterest to a Imk With higher educatlon, In a city which has realtounsm
potential (Jefferson County, page 3)
• Grays Harbor county looks to
tOUrISm, internatIOnal trade, flshmg,
and even lumber mdustries as growIIlg concerns . However, there seems
to be little established priority among
a number of optIOns (Grays Harbor
County Study, page 3).
These more remote areas feel
higher education training III management, commUllicallons , and commUllity development can greatly
benefntheir development efforts At
the same time, all these region s express a frustration wllh dehvery
mechamsms, and show so me skeptiCism that local populallons will , m
fact , return With their new knowl edge to their area of ongm.
H. Geographic Dimorphism
International trade m particular,
and economic development generalIy, represent what may be the most
pervasive trend in Southwest Washington-a geographic dimorphism of
economies. This goes far beyond the
tradnional "rural/ urban" dlfferenlIation. What seems to be happening
IS one region, the Puget Sound baslll,
is continumg to develop, diverSify,
and prosper, whIle another regi on,
m a belt from Clallam County m the
north to Skamania County, in the
south , is losmg ItS economic base,
suffering decreases In populauon and

Subcommittee Report 4
revenues, and simultaneously having
little success in developing new industrial or social attractions. The
broad failure of the timber industry
has put these remote areas in a
tailspin, from which it will be difficult to recover. Evidence of this
split can be found throughout this
report, but here are some telling
indicators:
~ Froln 19?5 to 1984, almost 5,000
high wage jobs in manufacturing and
construction were lost in Southwest
Washington. Significant implications
from these data are (a) many of these
jobs were in the lumber industry, and
have not been replaced in their
geographic locale, and (b) those jobs
which were replaced were often done
so by low wage service jobs in the
Puget Sound basin (Hunter memo to
Ihe commiltee, 2118/86, page 1).
~ The Aberdeen school district is
losing 200 students a year, as
yo unger families leave the county to
find work (ibid.).
~ Lewis County has experienced a
dramatic increase in theft, child and
spouse abuse, which may be attributed to high unemployment and
despair (ibid .).
~ King and Pierce Counties are pro·
jected to experience 10 to 20 percent
growth in the number of professional
managers and skilled engineers living in these areas through 1989.
~ Kitsap, C lallam and Jefferson
counties have all experienced 12 to
20 percent growth in the 65 +
population base, as the school age
population ha s dropped.
In fact, the general statistical data
are not nearly as indicative as the
qualitative data expressed in the
Hunter/ McLachlan study. Individuals interviewed in the "unstressed"
regions of Clark County and the
Puget Sound basin offer a a certain
optimism about their economic
future. By contrast, those "stressed"
areas seem to indicate a lack of clear
direction, and even a sense of
desperation about the future.
Some Opportunities .for the
Future State Economy for
Education
A. Need for broadly trained

concluded with a look at Evergreen's
service area and some data on origins
of our students within the state.
"New Demographics"
There has been a dramatic shift in
the makeup of the American population as the baby boom generation has
come of working age. By 1995,
primary working age adults age 24
to 64 will comprise 53.4010 of the
population . (Employment Security
Strategic Plan [ESSP], March, 1985)
I

Table I
ChIldren
Youth
Adult
ilderly

0 to 15
J6 to 24
2~ to 64

23 . I_
11.51

6~.

11.9\

~3.4'

Due to the prevalence of the baby
boom generation in the labor force,
there will be a vast surplus of
qualified persons for mid-career p'romotional opportunities. As of 1985,
there are 20 candidates for every
mid-career promotion opportunity.
By 1995, there will be 30 candidates
for every mid-career promotion opportunity. (ESSP)
Because of the pressure placed on
the labor market by the baby boom
generation, opportunities for retraining and higher education will be
needed by 15 to 20 million toppedout or dislocated workers (ibid.)
Beyond 1995 the labor force will
begin to shrink because of the decline
in the 16 to 24-year-old population.
Employment opportunities will im prove because of the smaller entry
level labor pool, but most jobs will
be in the low-paying service fields.
Because employers may have difficulty finding younger workers for
the relatively low-paying service
jobs, older, semi-retired persons will
be trained in their place (ibid.).

Washington State Population
Forecasts
Forecasts depend on assumptions
made about two components of
population change: natural increase
(the difference between total births
and total deaths in the state) and net
migration (the difference between the
number of people moving to the state
and the number leaving the state).
"generalisls"
Historically, net migration has been
I n addition ' to the kinds of in the primary source of population
dustrial and other changes discuss- change in the state. Net migration is
ed above, many observers think closely tied to the economy of the
fUlure economic processes will be state. When the level of economic acmarked by much more flexible tivity in the state has been relatively
methods of producing goods and ser- high, in-migration has been high and
vices . Recent Western economic the state's population has grown.
hi story has been marked iJy suc- Conditions of the mid -1960's and
cess ful firms getting very good at
late 1970's are examples of this
rroducing many copies of a single trend . When economic activity has
standardized product. It has been been comparatively low, outsuggesled that, in the future (actually migration has been high and the
in the present) , the firms that will be state 's population has declined. The
the most successful will be those that early 1970's and 1980's are examples.
are able to shift rapidly from one
In large part due to variations in
product tb a nother. Flexibility will be assumptions about the level of
more highly valued (Piore and Sabel economic activity in the state, the
citalion).
ra nge of population forecasts is
B. Needed education for "displac- large. Forecasts to the year 2000
ed workers" and other
range from a low of approximately
disadvantaged groups
5,000,000· growth of 616,000 (NorA more rapidly changing economy thwest Power Planning Council- low
implies more di splaced workers and end forecast) to approximately
more job changing. These displaced 6,000,000- growth of 1,6 16,000
workers are going to need to gain (Morrill, University of Washington).
new sk ills and credentials as they
A very simplistic estimate of the
change occupations and industries.
effects of these forecasts on
People of color, His'p anics, women
Evergreen enrollment suggests thai
and other groups that are disadvan our head count enrollment could
taged in the labor market will con ·
range from approximately 3,5()() to
tinue to require opportunities for
4,000 by the year 2000.
ed ucation that is relevant and useful
This estimate assumes that the curto them.
rent rate of participation in higher
e. One area of projected growth
education and Evergreen's proporThe most hopeful forecast in the
tion of higher education enrollment
slate economy centers on the general
remain the same. Each assumption
area o f international trade. There
is questionable. The age structure of
should conti nue to be an increasing
the ~tate is changing and that trend ,
demand for an education that pays
forecast to continue, may have an efattenlion 10 language and cultural
fect on overall participation rates.
st udies.
The number of traditional collegeaged persons in the state is declining .
The rate of participation in higher
education declines as age increases.
Introduction
Persons 17-22 years old are about 3
In this section we have highlighted
times more likely to be enrolled in an
on ly those demographic trends that
institution of higher education than
we believe have direct implication for
persons 23-29 years old and are
higher education planning. These in- about 20 times as likely to be enrollclude shifting age structures (the soed as persons over 30. As t he age
ca ll ed "New Demographics"),
structure of the state changes, the
changes in hou seho ld makeup, and
participation rate in higher education
migration stat istics for Southwest
is likely to change as well. The
Washington and the Puget Sound
magnitude of the effect of that
Basin . In addition, changes in racial
change is unclear. The trend over the
composition in the state is important
last 4 years has been for participafor planning efforts. This sect ion is tio" rates of those aged 17-22 to in-

DEMOGRAPHIC
FACTORS

".

crease (while the size of this age
cohort is decreasing) and for the participation rates of those aged 23 and
older to decrease (while the size of
this cohort increases). State-wide, the
effect on enrollment has been for the
number of students aged 17-22 and
23 to 29 to decrease while the number
of students aged 30 and older to
increase .
At Evergreen, enrollment has run
counter to system-wide trends. Our
enrollment of freshmen has increased and the rate of participation
among students aged 23 and older
has held constant. As a result,
Evergreen's share of higher education enrollment in the state has
increased.
Recent trends in enrollment at
Evergreen suggest that the college
could well exceed the enrollments
forecast using historical participation
rates and that Evergreen's share of
state-wide enrollment in higher
education could increase.

During this time, the Asian population increased from 1.3"70 to 3.3% of
the state population. In the greater
Pl!get Sound region in 1984, King
County had the greatest concentration of the black population, and
Skagit County the highest concentration of the Hispanic population. The
Asian population increased by 213 %
between 1970 and 1984, while the
Hispanic population increased by
123% and the black population by
74"70.
The projections of the National
Planning Association show substantial increases in this part of the total
population of the state between 1985
and 2000. Overall, an increase of
37% is expected for the state, with
a 35"70 increase in the Puget Sound
region.
The distribution among age
groups of people of color in greater
Puget Sound closely mirrors the age

Washington State's
Racial/Ethnic Composition
The Office of Financial Management in its document 1985 Popula-

tion Trends jor Washington State
gives the following categories for the
State population:
Total
Population
(1984 Estimates)
4,328,1()()
Females
2, I 77 ,582 (50.3 %)
White
3,915,860 (90.5%)
Black
123,967 ( 2.9%)
Native American 64,898 ( 1.5 %)
Asian
141,319 ( 3.3%)
Other Races
82,056 ( 1.9%)
The Fall 1985 enrollment picture
for Evergreen shows a similar 9.5%
enrollment of people of color.
The state's populations of people
of color have increased from 4% to
9% of the total population from
1970 to 1984. I n the Puget Sound
region the increase has been more
prounounced, from 5% to I 1%.

SIAl E Itf'ULA r I ON

Within Q'lD- Mlle Radius or PubliC Four - Yeor Insi llulions

Changes in Family Structure
Family struclUre has changed
dramatically since 1970. Single adult
households rose 72% due to the baby
boom generation's housing needs.
That growth will taper off, but the
number of single households will
continue to rise because of the growing elderly population, particularly
older women who have outlived their
spouses. (ESSP)
Households supported by single
parents have increased by 76%. Of
all households with children supported by a white single female,
47.6% live below the poverty level.
65% of households with children
supported by a minority single
female are below the poverty level.
(Russ Lidman presentation)

lother.

1S .91

I

SQUA((: (P(, "-1 )0. 19E1~

State/Regional In-migration
Counties in the Puget Sound basin
enjoy a more diverse economic struclure, and continued job availability
is expected to attract an overall
population growth of about 18% by
1995, (ESSP). Unlike the resourcebased economy to the south, the
Puget Sound basin economy is
diversely supported by incomes from
aerospace and technical manufacturing, large military establishments, international ports, and a large
military retirement population .
Many of the new residents will be
from Ca lifornia attracted to
Washington state by lower housing
costs, lower population densities,
and the clean environment. (ESSP)
As of 1985 , 58,614 new residents
moved to the Puget Sound region of
Western Washington . (See Table Ill)

Ik~U.u{l Il"".

'''.... 'lIlJ(lI uftAl ~ ul·. ·lIhl . Atlll ''' ~ 1 1 1 11 r lw. ~!"I'Uk'
(OSI PlM fl( ~ JULtt!! v~ HI ~ 11J lItl'lll I~U" · 8'

0 Wh1t1llOl'l

",QOCI

o St. I\:In Inl
.Il ~(

(I

.

UPS

o Plu

oSU

o SPU
o
.,." tlllOnn

0 (,ofllDQO

OSU

'.,CIIIO .

""u
1/.000 _

1 , 000

.,1XlQ

' ,000

I,UOII

T/lI1!....r

J

IO , IIUO

Il, ll(M.I

,4 , UOU

",OCIO

4, llZ,20t 4,3114,}00
C I~II ..

~J.b4 8

1Q2,n~

C(lNI 1\;

]11, ~4f;

[j l ~n~

"6 ,3 14

Nart>(I1

Jf' ~ f e' sor,
I I I sao
I f'IIIS
/la sol.
I'~,,, j[

l~, 9b~

~2. 600
203,400
79,60D
d. Qoo

S.,021

1),100
16:.800
1,,100

JI.184

H.e-oO

H 7.1~2

t7,137

t7,100

PIf'rrP

.8~,bi1

S ~"il nu

7 01"
124,2114

521, QOO
7,Qoo

Inu' 51 or:
Ioahi I a~u l
~ou ltlltf'sl

I

3,m

HI IIOG

II

COlo(lnrnt! 01 Popuhlion Chen9f (lr Count,
)oolllll(,5t W' S ~lnlltorl .lId IJn~ County
Apr d I, I Q80 to Apr II l, 198~
Total ChanllP
N~!ut. J
1980
1~8~
lIu,Dtr
1 Chanqr
Incru5f'
Crnsu5 [stJll1t
H8D-19S~
1980'19('~
I QSO - IC.B ~

Clal ~

1I ,U\lU

6. 101

11.17)
11
11.11 I)
1.SJ1

20 ,MS
III
3,6if.
16)
JQ, ~j3

1191

139.100
),700

III. 5ub:otal . 1.278.982 I. J69.l0D
]t.,651

Nf!
"11Hat10I'
jQPD ' l oB~

19:,11"

m,)

J.RU

1.51f

1.8J1

9,451

I, 7J"

0.071

) .O ~I

11.99')

-3.641

2 1 2~~,
1.)

( 4 , 6l")

J ,JU
2.061
1.06f;

12 .°0;

9.611
14 . 0Jl
0.811

11. 601
1.1)1
8.081

,U41
11.161

(70
2S.207
'0)
6, 04r:

-3.U1

.8

7.091

&i',3 70

6. 041

'),m

SourCt: 1965 Population Ilrnd ~ for lIash'lnqtorl SUte,
Sute Of lIashln9ton Olhr, 01 FlnuC1 al twnavt.rnl. AUIj)USt, JQa~.

I, ~7:'

I!.ISb!
1,I, S
93
JO , "66

1'1/1
j °0
IIGO)

Q,

)1,81.

TABLE IV

TESC Students by Age.Dlstributlon
Evergreen has shown a steady increase in the proportion of students
in the age category 30 +. Fall 1985,
enrollment in this age cohort
amounted to 36.3% of total enrollment (ages 17-22, 37.5%; and 23-29,
26.2%). When compared with Fall
1984 enrollment at other public fouryear institutions, Evergreen shows
34.5% of total enrollment in the
30+ age category, UW- 18.2%,
WSU- 8%, EWU- 24. 1%, CWU19% and WWU- 10.5%.
This indicates that Evergreen student enrollment runs counter to the
typical age distribution at four-year
institutions. Most four-year colleges
depend heavily on the pool of high
school students for new student
enrollment. This is the age group
that will continue to decline through
1995 until the "baby boom echo"
(children of baby boomers) progress
through the K-12 system, Since a
comparatively large proportion of
students at Evergreen have historically been drawn from an older population, the enrollment pool of new
students is larger for Evergreen than
for traditional colleges.
Student Participation at TESC
by County
Fifty-seven percent (or 1,708
students of the total enrollment for
Fall 1985) were from the area identified as Southwest Washington,
with the greatest number of students
coming from Thurston County
(913). High school directs' from
Southwest Washington increased
from 25 in 1978 to 68 in 1985. All
other Washington counties contributed 304 students, or 27% of the
total, with the highest number, 590
coming from King County . If one is
to include King County in the service
area of TESC, it would bring the
total enrollment from this area to
2,298 or 77% of the enrollment of
2,980 at Fall, 1985.
Southwest Washington tends to
send a smaller proportion of its high
school graduates on to community
colleges and four-year institutions.
Table IV on the following page
shows 1983 participation rates by
county in community colleges and
four- year colleges by high school
graduates.
As stated by the Council for
Postsecondary Education in its
reports to the Legislature dated
January 29, 1985, "Evergreen now
enrolls more students transferring
from Southwest Washington community colleges (24%) than any of
the other public four-year institutions." Transfer students continue to
be the mainstay of Evergreen's entering class. (In Fall, 1984, 30% of total
enrollment was from transfers.)
High school directs are beginning to
show an increase even though this
group has been decreasing state-wide
and nationwide.
Evergreen has shown a steady increase in the number of students in
the age category 30 +. Fall, 1985,
enrollment shows 36.3% for this
group, (ages 17-22'37.5% and
23-29'26.2) . When compared with
other public four-year institutions,
enrollment for Fall, 1984, Evergreen
shows 34.5% for the 30-age group,
UW-18.2%, WSU-8%, EWU24.1%, CWU-19%, WWU10.5%.
The Evergreen State College
Service Area
Eleven point eight percent of the
state population is within a 30-mile
radius of TESC. (See Table VI in
"Political Environment" sect ion).
This includes the urban, high growth
areas of Pierce, Mason and Thurston
Counties. In addition, this area
would include most of the so-called
Urban Place- Bound Adults in SW
Washington. Also to be considered
are the campus outreach programs in
Tacoma and Vancouver which also
serve this group.

loe3
WllWATlOtI UTrs (If HIGH 5CII('(IL GkADUATES
CWHIIES wm IT CC
C(IUIHlES RANIn BY ~'RTIWmO"
(PUCEH"
II HEAl IIISIllUTlIlIIS IPfRCENTi
:
----_ ---. - -- ---- --- --- '-- --- --.
-------------- -------CC
4-TEII
PARIJC
PAlTIC
: RANI C(111I11I
RAT[ 11)
RANL
RAJ[ 11)
COUNlY

Thurston County Regionai Planning in its Thurston County Profile,
January, 1985, states, "Most county residents are white (93.5"70), people of Asian ancestry (2.8 %) and
Native Americans (1.3%)"

8e'l'ood JO JIlin - 2}, 1l

Out-migration/ln-migration
Patterns in Western Washington
Since 1980 Washington state has
been experiencing a dual economic
structure comprised of stressed
economic communities in the
Southwest Washington and Olympia
Peninsula region and relative
economic health around the Puget
Sound basin and 1-5 corridor.
Economic recovery has been evident
for some counties and slow or nonexistent for others. (See Table II)
Stressed Counties Include:
Grays Harbor, Cowlitz, Pacific,
Lewis, Wahkiakum, Mason,
Clallam, Skamania, Jefferson
Stable Counties include: King, Kitsa p, Clark, Thurston, Pierce .

Out-migration from Southwest
Washington
Counties that have traditionally
depended on timber, fishing, or
manufacturing for their employment
base are experiencing a severe and
extended
recession.
Recent
downturns in agriculture are expected to impact these counties even
further. For every job lost in the
primary industries, several jobs in
secondary services and 'small businesses are also lost. As resourcebased and secondary jobs within
these counties dwindle, the younger,
working age adults and their families
are out-migrating to jobs or educational opportunities within the Puget
Sound basin or out-of-state. By
1985, southwest counties have experienced a net out-migration of
10,442 previously employed adults.
(SW Washington Study)

structure of the white population.
(All of the above from Puget Sound
Higher Education Consortium draft
summary dated March 14, 1986.)

:

PA~lIClrAll()l; WE
.. _..

---- ---

-----

&ARnEt~

GRAYS HARInI
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DOUGLAS

9

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3l.31
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n

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'8 51
2C . 21

wALLA wALU

21 .5%

01

10
II
12

-

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27.21
SHOHONISH
27 .0%
STEVENS
2•. 81
13. IHURSTON
2UI
14
LINCOLN
26.3%
: 15 ."M!JIAIUN _ _-:2~5''76:-:_:
' -It:' - CHELAN
25.51
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PACIFIC
25.41
IS
TAIlNA
25.1I
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SPOkANE
24 . 91
20
BENTO.
2Ul
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2U:
,.
ADm
23.2:
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,RANJlIH
23. 0:
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19 2:
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I7.S1
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16.91
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16.01
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14 7!
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SIN JUIN
li .'1
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WHA I CON
t LSI
Jj
ASOTIN
9.SI
Jo
PEND OREILLE
7.01
GRAHl
6,51
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IITTITAS
5.6%
JQ
SlANANIA
4.71
I01A~S

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IZ
13
14
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ADAHS
ISLAND

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sum

17
IS
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20
21

WAHI]!IUH
BEHION
IHURS JON
PEHD ORflttE
SHOHONISH
WINA
ASOTIN
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22
23
24
25
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27
28
29

30
31

J2
33
34

Jj
36

37
38
39

EDUCATIONAL
TRENDS
Introduction
This section of the report describes
the educational environment in
which Evergree)1 exists. We have
looked at programmatic chan'ges in
the state in the K-12 program, in
Community Colleges and in FourYear Colleges and Universities; we
have looked at major national and
state educational issues including the
newly created Washington State
Higher Education Coordinating
Board; we have looked at trends in
career choices nationally and localIy, and finally we have looked at
trends in financial aid at the state and
federal level. All of these factors
must be considered in planning for
Evergreen's future, but none of them
dictate a specific path ~hich must be
taken . They provide the general
educational ambiance in which
Evergreen must live and point to opportunities which Evergreen might
choose to act upon .
Progammatic Changes in K-12
1. New high school graduation requirements took effect in 1985. This
means that we can expect students
right out of high school to have a
somewhat broader educational experience than previously . PreviousIy, Washington was one of the
regions in the nation with less
prescription in high school graduation requirements than in most other
regions of the country. The current
requirements are ·now as follows:
Three years of English, 2 years 0 f
mathematics, 1 year of U.S. History,
112 year of Washington State
History and Government, 1 year of
Contemporary World History, 2
years of science, I year of occupational education, 2 years of P. E., I
year of fine, visual or performing
arts.
See point 2 in "Programmatic
Changes in Four- Year Colleges and
Universities" for the related point
that all of the state colleges and
universities (including Evergreen) endorsed this move. Most of the other
state colleges established corresponding admissions standards.
(Washington State Board of

14.n
33.81

21t.O:
2• . II
22.91
21.0%

20.51
20.11
10.21
19.01
1'.01
17 21

lZ1%

!(TSIP
GARfIELD
IllClllAl
STEVENS
fAIN/LIN
WILtA WALtA

t6.91
tUl
16.01
IHI
IS .31
14.11
14.11
13.61
l~. J:

13.21
13.0:
12.41
16 J:
12. II
11.61

11.01
lUI
9.61

OSI
fERRI
CLARI
CLAlliH
DOUGLAS
LEWIS
GRITS HARBOR
COWtlll
10TAlS

24.01

A significant area of SW Washington is not included in this 30-mile
radius. This includes a mainly rural
area with low populations and low
potential for direct student involvement in Evergreen. This area has
been hardest hit by the economic
problems discussed elsewhere in this
document.

WHIlHAN
I III lIAS
SA~ JUAN
liNG
WHIlCOli
OUNOGAN
LINCOLN
COLum A
JEfFERSOH
SPOUHE
CHEL'"
SUNINU

9,0:
8.41
S.31
8.01

HI
6.51
5 91
1 ,6:
'

Education, Requirements and
Guidelines for High School Graduation, August, 1985.)
2. There will be a growing number
of people of color in the K-12
system. In Seattle, in particular, the
city high schools are all approaching
50% enrollment of people of color.
Particular growth is expected in the
Hispanic population statewide and in
the Asian-American population
locally. This is partially related to
differences in the birth rate and
average ages of these populations :
" ... the average age for whites is
31, for blacks is 25, and for
Hispanics is 22. This means that
schools will be increasingly made up
of kinds of students with whom most
present day educators have relatively little experience. (Hodgkinson,

Chronicle oj Higher Education,
March 19, 1986). Educational
leaders like Harold Hodgkinson
believe that this calls for greater
coordinated work between the public
schools and colleges. He believes we
must think of students as moving
through one system. If we examine
the characteristics of students entering the public schools now, they will
be our first year class in 13 years :
Traditionally the percent of enrollment in higher education of people
of color has not been as high as their
per'cent of the state population, but
this is not true of all ethnic groups
as the following table indicates:

Elementary and Secondary Schools:
State of Washington, Superintendent
of Public Instruction, "Postsecondary Educational Needs of Washington Indians: An Assessment," Council for Postsecondary Education,
1981).
3. The pool of' 18-year-olds
graduating from high school each
year is declining and will continue to
decline until 1995. This means there
will be more and more competition
among institutions of higher education to enroll fewer and fewer traditional-aged students. This trend is
leading Washington institutions to
different and more intense enrollment strategies.
Since Evergreen's enrollment of
18-year-olds is very small and is
growing in spite of this demographic
picture, we are unlikely to be affected by the general trend. If we
choose to continue to recruit a
greater proportion of direct from
high school students, it will have
clear impacts on the college. As the
proportion of direct from high
school students increases and is retained at TESC, the year to year turnover in the student body will
decrease thus lowering the annual
number of students needed purely
for replacing current students who
leave. This can be expected to increase the need the spaces in Core
programs and, eventually, upper
division curricular offerings. (OFM
Enrollment Forecasts, January 1985.
CPE Study and Steve Hunter Enrollment Statistics for 1985.)
4. Across the whole spectrum of
education there is growing emphasis
on increased quality and on accountability which is often expected
without increased funding. In some
cases this takes the form of moves
to impose higher admission or exit
standards, to make teacher education certification more rigorous, to
impose outcome and assessment
testing, or to defund remedial education. The Temporary Committee, the
Roundtable and others have discussed this and nationally there has been
legislative action in many states.
There is some skepticism about
whether higher education can deal
with its own quality and accountability issues. We need to consider
how pressures for accountability in
the K-12 system might affect higher
education planning. These same
demands an.d questions that were
raised in the last several years about
the public schools are now being asked about higher education. (Roundtable Study, Report of the 3609
Commission. See also the various
National Studies Involvement in
Learning, To Reclaim a Legacy, Nation at Risk, etc.)
Programmatic Changes In
Community Colleges in the State
I. The state of Washington has
had traditionally high participation ·
rates in its community college
system. The state also has a large
community college system which has
strong local support. Access was its
number one concern. Starting in
1981 the legislature cut funding for
the community colleges, particularly in "continuing education types of
offerings," and enrollment h~,

Table I

d.,or,...,,,.ubder,raduete

~

IIACI

,

of Pop

1 , 8l

1 . 0\11

1.2
Subtotfli

J.O
2.7

0 . 71;

0. '
3.'

'.4

• 2

.percente,e bee declIned .Ibee 1976
( Roundtflble Study. p. 70 )

In the next ten years, there is a
special challenge for the schools to
address the educational needs of people of color more fully since they will
constitute a growing proportion of
the school population.
At this point much of the enroll ment of people of color in higher
education is located in the community college system where level of interest is particularly high in vocational programs. There is considerable concentration of enroll ment in certain curricu lar areas
although this varies flom ethnic
group to ethnic group. Compu ter
science and education are two
examp les.
(Minority Enrollments in Publ ic

declined in the community colleges .
The recen'r- community college experience with enrollment decline may
suggest that when enrollment is
dampened, it is difficult to rebuild.
This has particular relevance to Evergreen if the long term posture is one
of the desiring to grow.(See our initial discussion of how the issue of
the Co llege's attractiveness can act
as an environmental constraint or
opport unity.)
OFM is forecasting steady state
for community college enrollment
through at least 1987. The average
age of community college students is
30, whi le that of the four-year colleges is 23. Since Ihis o ld er population is expected to grow during the

Subcommittee Report S
time that the 18-22-year-olds are
declining, there may well be increased pressure on the community colleges and TESC to serve this older
population. TESC's average age is
midway between the traditional college and the community college.
Evergreen has been successful with
this adult population in the past and
has been more responsive than some
institutions in restructuring curriculum around the needs of adult
learners. It is conceivable that
Evergreen could increase its share of
the community college market
despite the fact that it is not increasing in size.
Nonetheless, it must be recognized that one of the most important
truths about community colleges is
that they succeed because of where
they are located. This may imply that
substantially increasing our share of
the student clientele requires offcampus locations. It appears that
there will be a move to make offcampus programs self-supporting
which may dampen interest in serving distant communities.
2. Basic skill enrollment increased at nearly 8% in the State's community colleges last year. This trend
is something TESC needs to follow
closely since basic skills are vital to
success in the TESC curriculum . At
the same time vocational enrollment
is declining very slightly and enrollment in academic programs is steady
state. There are strong variations in
the number of students pursuing
academic programs among the community colleges. This is especially
true of the community colleges in
Southwest Washington. The number
of potential transfer students from
Pierce County and King County
community colleges is very large.
The number from Southwest
Washington community colleges is
relatively small. This fact has an impact on the number of direct
academic transfers from community colleges to Evergreen and on the
demand to participate in our upsidedown degree program. (State Board
of Community Colleges. See also
Seidman, In the Voice oj the Facul·
ty: On Community College
Education)
3. There is on-going concern about
articulation between the new general
education cuuiculum at four-year
colleges and the core academic cur·
riculum at the community colleges.
The Intercollege Relations Commission is in the process of putting out
a booklet updating current policy on
intercollege transfer among the
Washington public colleges and
universities. There is increasing de·
mand for uniform standards and requirements among the institution .~.
Guidelines and agreements exist to
enable st udents who satisfy breadt h
requirements in the various com·
munity colleges and receive the AA
degree to transfer to the four-year
colleges and universities without having to take additional general education requirements. Evergreen
subscribes to this agreement, but
since we have no general requirements, it is of no consequence.
(Intercollege Relations Commission
Information Booklet, February,
1986.)
4. A very large share of TESC's
entering class each year comes from
the community colleges . Our location is undoubtedly one of the attractions of the College. Many of the
students enroll in the full-time curriculum. It is also clear that certain
features of Everg reen have drawn
transfer students. These include: offcampus programs scheduled at times
convenient to working adults, cerlain
programmatic emphases (Manage·
ment and health and human ser·
vices), curriculum targeted to speci fic
groups (re-entry women, people of
co lor), schedu ling (eveni'ng and
weekend curricular opt ions). and
graduate offerings.
Many of the TESC's weekend offerings have been attractive to it new
type of transfer student, and co uld
probably be expanded. There is interest in having TESC do more 01'1'campus upper division programs.
The Join t Center in Vancouver is
current ly disc ussing the siting of an
upper division business program in
Longview in business. There has also
been discussion of more graduate
and undergraduate management of-

Subcommittee Report 6
ferings in Olympia. Other areas are
under consideration in Vancouver.
Many of our sister institutions indicate a strong interest in serving
under-served
areas . Newlyestablished join! centers are providing a forum for local communities
to make their needs more visible
Evergreen's close relationships
with
WWU
(through
the
Washington Center and its education
programs), with a number of community colleges and through the
Washington Center, and the
Southwest Washington Joint Center
provide a vehicle for considering a
variety of relationships with other
institutions.
At Ihe same time, the types of programs desired do not always fit
Evergreen's current academic program . Our previous experience with
the Port Angeles program suggests
that finding adequate enrollment can
be a problem in these small communities. ( Steve Hunter's report and
from CPE study.)
S. Community college students are
traditionally very mobile, and they
tend to be part-time. They do not fit
the typical traditional student profile
in age or pattern of progressing
through an institution; they are often
part-time and take more than four
years to complete their education.
Part-time options are important to
these students. These students often
move from one institution to
another. This increases the pressure
for articulation between community colleges themselves and between
them and four-year colleges and
universities.
6. Commu nity colleges across the
nation are seeking models for faculty development and curricular
revitalization. The Ford Foundation
and other granting agencies are interested in promoting curricular
coherence in community colleges.
Many funding agencies see community colleges as the major sites for
working with students of color.
Evergreen and The Washington
Center for the Improvement of the
Quality of Undergraduate Education
are very active in this pursuit. The
collaboration between Evergreen and
the Seattle Community College
District, Tacoma Community College and SPSCC is seen as an important national model and one which
is spreading in this state. (Barbara
Smith and the Washington Center
Grant.)
Programma tit! Changes in Four-Year
Colleges and Universities
1. Colleges all over the country are
contending with the differential
growth!decline which affects the
pool of 18-year-olds available each
year to enroll. By 1992 half of all college students are expected to be over
25 and 20"70 over 35 (Hodgkinson) .
In response 10 enrollment pressures,
some colleges are decreasing their
size to maintain quality, others are
lowering standards, others are merging with neighboring institutions, going cooed or changing curricular
designs to attract more students from
the declining pool. There is obvious
room for choice and creativity here.
2. There is a widespread move to
increase admission standards at all
the colleges and universities except
TESC and EWU. By 1989 all the
regional colleges and universities except TESC and EWU will require
two years of foreign language as well
as three years of mathematics to be
eligible to apply. There has been considerable debale about whether admission standards be uniform and
whether they should be set by the
State. In the past one of the suggestions for making TESC less expensive was to set higher admissions
standards and charge higher tuition.
Evergreen has not yet addressed the
question of what the consequences
would be of having more stringent
admissions requirements (Arnaldo
Rodriguez, CPE, Six-Year Plan,
Evergreen Study).
3. To meet demands for increasing or even holding on to existing
enrollment, colleges and universities
have enlarged their service areas,
their program offerings, and started
off-campus programs. The rationale
for this move is to provide educational opportunities for placebound
students and to fill voids left by existing institutions in underserved
li. ••

areas . Seattle, for example, is an
underserved urban ' area largely
because UW has not developed an
extensive evening program for
adults . This is a trend nationwide.
Enrbllment driven funding has encouraged this.
(Other programmatic changes are
included in the section on state issues
below).
4. Most of the national issues are
now emerging as . issues in
Washington state.

reference to the urban placebound
students. The UW got additional
money this session to serve this
group, and this was, in part, the
justification for Evergreen's additional support. Sometimes access is
set against quality on the continuum;
often the result of favoring quality
restricts access for people of color
and low income students . State
policymaking on the issue of access
takes a variety of forms. It is implemented through tuition policies;
for example: in the early part of the
Major National Educational Issues 1980's the State raised out-of-state
1. Both in policy leadership and tuition to cover fully the costs of infunding, the major national trend is struction. This led to a precipitous
for the federal government to decline in out of state enrollment at
remove itself from higher education. TESC. It represents a conscious
Majors questions center on the im- deployment of state resources. Adpact of Gramm-Rudman in terms of mission standards are another way
revenue sharing and higher educa- access is controlled. Policies ention support. Increasingly, questions couraging or discouraging off camare being asked about what services pus programs influence access.
the states wiii have to and are will- Policies on remediation, financial
ing to support. (Wingspread Con- aid, and priority setting for fulltime
ference Reports) .
vs part time students or under2. Debate continues on the value graduate vs graduate students also
of a liberal arts education, of the are indicators. For both years of this
relationship between the liberal arts biennium Evergreen is forced to curand sciences and career training. tail enrollment. TESC has imThere appears to be growing support plemented policies that restrict
nationwide for increased oppor- access-particularly for part-time,
tunities in the liberal arts with an non-degree seeking students .
added twist. Embedded in the liberal (Washington Roundtable Study,
arts programs should be some lear- CPE, May 3D, 1985.)
J. Questions are being raised in
ning of applied skills .
(Katchadourian and Boli, this state and others about the role
Careerism and Intellectualism of higher education in the area of
Among College Students, Jossey- economic development. Many civic
Bass, 1986; Hacker, Andrew, "The leaders, legislators and educators
Decline of Higher Learning." The want higher education to be much
New York Review oj Books, Feb. more active and creative in serving
13, 1986. pp. 35-42.; "Many Col- the citizens of the state to help turn
leges Found Heeding Calls to around the widespread economic
Reform Undergraduate Studies." decline especially in Southwest
The Chronicle oj Higher Education Washington. This might mean thinkEducation, March 12, 1986; Kaiser, ing of service in ways other than
Daniel H. "Return of the Core Cur- merely serving students from the
riculum: A Dissenting View." The region . Expectations for what higher
Chronicle oj Higher Education, education can and should be doing
November 30, 1983; Krantz, are high and not necessarily tradiFrederick. "The Liberal Arts" No- tional. The survey data for Southble Vision, Employment related west Washington express feelings on
Education, and the Free Market the part of many local leaders that
Curriculum ." The Chronicle oj higher education has a role to play
Higher Education . January I I, 1984; in helping them solve economic proBeck, Robert E. The Liberal Arts blems. Nevertheless, the State has
Major in Bell System Management. not expanded the public service funcMarch 4, J 981. Presentation before tion funding in recent years in educathe Association of American tional institutions' budgets.
Colleges.)
4. Another state concern is that of
J. Most of the issues that are program duplication. Part of the
under discussion in the nation are new HEC Board's job is to make
reverberating in this state. Questions sure that citizens of the state get the
about quality, access, retention,
best education for the money, and
partnership, articulation, profes- that means careful use of resolHtes. '
sional and vocational demands on This means planning program
education, the need for new skills , growth, off-campus programming,
the need for reaffirmation of the and regulating the startup of new,
value of the liberal arts education are often competing, programs. Everalive at all levels . Rather than sum- green needs to be aware of this on
marize the form they take generally the graduate level more than the
on the national level, we have look- undergraduate. But, as important, is
ed at these broader issues in terms of the need to find the special niche that
the state. Washington does not lead Evergreen does and can fill. Duplithe pack in dealing with higher cating programs that are available at
education, nor is it horrendously other locations across the state will
behind . (For the general national picnot give us the security that unique
ture, see any of the major national offerings have provided. Many
studies made over the past two years sources see our reason for existence
such as Involvement in Learning, To in providing an alternative to tradiReclaim a Legacy, and others.) tional higher education. The form
E. State Issues
1. The biggest state issue has to do
with overall higher education planning, budgeting and control. The
new HEC Board, while stronger than
its predecessor, still leaves room for
individual autonomy among the institutions. I f the institutions do nOI
cooperate, do not plan well, do not,
in fact, get their "act together" there
are people in the legislature who will
then insist upon a superboard to control higher education. According to
Jack Daray, colleges and universities
have been given their last chance.
There is strong support for having a
centralized system, if the HEC Board
cannot keep individual institutions
under control. (The authority and
mission of the HEC Board is spelled out in Washington Session Laws,
1985, Chapter 370, pp. 1328-1381.)
2. The access-elitism debate is still
a live one in the legislature. The state
of Washington ranks among the top
states in terms of opportunities for
higher education (that is, spaces
available for students) but it ranks
near the bottom in terms of the
amount of money it allocates per
space. Access is slightly more
favored now, especially with

which this emphasis will take is for
stricter guidelines on review of existing programs and more rigorous
procedures in justifying new programs. Demonstrating effectiveness
is increasingly important. (CPE,
Jack Daray)
S. The national trend to take a
look at general education and reform
it has not gone unnoticed in
Washington. Both WSU and WWU
have begun general education
'evaluation, the UW has changed its
breadth requirements and is. studying ways to make interdisciplinary
work more possible for the undergraduate. Evergreen is seen as a
model on this front. Attention has
been g~ven especially to writing and,
more recently, to quantitative skills.
Evergreen's Writing Across the Curriculum project is in line with all of
this. The call is for long-term change
not for band aid patches. There are
many voices concerned about making curricular changes to meet fads
that do not serve the student in the
long run. Computer literacy and having students familiar with modern
telecommunications systems is also
stressed. Thus far, the new
microwave system is mainly utilized

for delivery of professional programs
in engineering and education .
(Smith,Project GEM, Writing
Across the Curriculum.)
6. Increasing pressure to assess the
outcomes of colleges and universities
nationwide has come from national
studies, from governmental agencies
and from our own' legislature. Most
studies call for institutions to design
their own means for measuring outcomes based upon their unique goals
and mission .. But legislatures particularly are interested in making
sure this is done. The UW is developing an assessment program for
juniors. Some feel this will become
an issue during the next legislative
session.
There are non-traditional assessment methods available and assessment programs for general education
which a number of community colleges in Washington are using.
Although Evergreen was asked to
participate in some of the early nontraditional assessment testing in its
early years, it declined to do so. This
would be an area in which Evergreen
could benefit from wider conversations with with other leading institutions such as A1verno College. The
Washington Center may make this
possible since the issue will be on its
agenda next year. Clearly, assessment is more useful if it is implemented with considerable local
support. (Assessment Conference,
South Carolina, Fall 1985.)
7. The newly conceived HEC
Board, the Washington Roundtable,
numerous legislators, civic leaders
and educators are calling for clearer
goal and mission statements from all
institutions. The Washington
Roundtable is calling for the new
Higher Education Coordinating

teacher training since our program is
more selective.
(Washington Roundtable Study of
Teacher Training. SPI Study of demand for teachers and recommendations on length of new programs) .
11. The college should be aware of
accreditation requirements of any
new programs that it undertakes.
Costs and program demands can dictate program, funding, and hiring
priorities in ways inconsistent with
college desires. For example, standards for accreditation for MBA
programs are raising concern
nationally.
Wasbington State Higher
Edut!ation Coordinating Board
1. The HEC Board is likely to be
the last effort the legislature is willing to make in the attempt to keep
relative autonomy for the institutions
and allow them to control their own
destinies. If this board fails, a superboard is highly likely. Many politicians are very skeptical about a successful outcome. (Daray)
2. But the episodic nature of state
government, the promising strong
leadership on the HEC Board and
the optimism of the board's
members are cause for hope. The
Board is likely to pick a few crucial
issues such as getting and enforcing
role and mission statements from all
the institutions, working toward a
system that can demonstrate productivity and measure outcomes, and
changing the basis for funding for
higher education. Jack Daray senses
that the HEC Board will try hard to
prevent the legislature from
operating on a "policy by exception"
basis and actually try to take a far
reaching philosophic stance to
educational policy making.
3. The turnover in education staff
in the Governor's office, the legislature and the HEC Board leaves
very few experts in place. Therefore,
the next two years are hard to
predict. However, there is good
chance of real progress, for these
same reasons given what has happened in the HEC Board so far. (Daray)

Board to develop a goals statement
for the state's higher education
system as a whole as well as for the
individual institutions. There is
widespread agreement in the
legislature that each institution
should write a clear goals and mission statement and use it in operating
the institution.
8. The call for strategic planning
from both public and private voices Career Trends
1. A number of studies have been
also is widespread. In addition to
TESC's current effort, both WWU conducted demonstrating the
and WSU are engaged in strategic changeability of student career obplanning. Pressure for such planning jectives. Student chang~ their minds
will inevitably occur for the other on an average at least three times
state institutions of higher education during their college career so that
as well. (Jack Daray, Robert Cope, prediction about career paths is very
Washington Roundtable.)
hard to predict. (See Gail Martin,
9. Both on the state level and the Joyce Weston)
national level people are talking of
2. Second, despite the emphasis on
increased cooperation between insti- needs assessments for State approval
tutions of higher education to serve of new programs, job opportunities
the public better and to avoid change at a rate too rapid to be very
duplication of programs and un- useful in guiding curricular offernecessary expenses. This manifests ings. FQr example, some contend
itself in at least two ways. One is that interest in computer science as
careful planning to avoid duplication a major may have. peaked and will
of expensive programs and the other steadily decline over the next decade
is interinstitutional cooperation to although the use of computers will
provide education to urban areas spread throughout the curriculum.
outside commuting distance of (AR-ACE Study, Fall, 1985.) A
established institutions. The trend is number of other fields appear to be
toward funding joint centers that are bottoming out, such as law and
then staffed by existing institutions. mangement.
3. Many suggest that the only senOur Tacoma and Vancouver programs will be affected. The call for sible road to take is a more general,
woperation also extends to business broadly based one which emphasizes
and government.
verbal, quantitative, critichl thinking
(Patrick Hill's memo, Jack and writing skills, which prepares
Daray's interviews, Nation at Risk .) students for change . The AT&T
10. One of the major program- Study of 1981 is still the most promatic concerns has been about mising evidence for the demand for
teacher education in this State and liberal arts graduates. Recent profesthe nation as a whole. Recently, the sional studies of training in business,
CPE did studies to ask about law, and some other professional
Teacher Certification Programs in fields suggest that students majoring
the state. Are the best students enter- in these areas need broader liberal
ing the field? Will current programs arts backgrounds and more emphasis
meet the growing need for teachers on communication skills.
4. Some observers believe that we
by 1995? Will new teachers be able
to serve the new high school gradua- are entering a period of deskillification requirements and new college tion of the workforce in which more
admissions policies? There might and more jobs will not require a colwell be a problem if colleges are go- lege education of any sort, so that
ing to require two years of foreign the traditional link between college
language. It is not believed that and vocatiori is less relevant. This
Washington will experience the might suggest additional support for
drastic shortages of other states the idea that what college offers must
because there are many certified go beyond career preparation. The
teachers who are not employed but old adage of education for participathere will be increasing availability of tion in society and for enriching
jobs, particularly in elementary one's life still provides the overeducation. With our new program whelming reason for public sponwe have a chance to fill a niche which sored higher education.
S. Nevertheless, there is still a
has not been filled (rural education
and multicultural education) .. We strong trend towards credentialism.
also have the chance to do quality There is some discordance between

what the national reports indicate
people need as essential skills (see
point 3) and how they hire people.
As significant is the fact that we produce about a million and a half people with college degrees for one
million jobs that require a college
degree. (Hodgkinson, Atlantic Monthly (Fe 86).
H. Financial Aid Trends
1. The loss of federal financial aid
because of Gramm-Rudman ap.d
. other budget deficit reduction
schemes is bound to affect the financial aid picture for Evergreen
students. While the effects are not
expected to cause huge damage in
1986, other moves to limit the
guaranteed student loan program
(which most believe will fail) the next
year could be severely limiting. It is
also problematic that the state would
be able to pick up many of the
pieces. This could heavily affect the
diversity in oug student body and our
ability to attract students and grow
at the rate dictated by the legislature.

these desirable aspects with the program Evergreen offers. The enrollment history of high school students
at Evergreen substantiates the findings of the CPE study. However,
these figures show that the College
has been able to stop the decline of
students coming directly from high
school. Reports from the Admissions
Office clearly indicate a change in
"image" for this sector, e.g., more
students attending the information
sessions about Evergreen, an increase
in the number of high school
counselors who attend workshops
sponsored by the Admissions Office,
more high school counselors willing
to suggest Evergreen as an option to
their students, and an increase of
35 "70 in applications for fall 1986
from this group from last year
(1985-539 applications, 1986-730
applications, as of March 15, 1986).
(Also see Table 1.)
Evergreen's Image in
tbe Community Colleges
Over the years the College has

Table II
.or~

Study

5upp Ed Opp

6 .tudent.
25

"OSL
Pell
Stele aeed
OUer Loe"

315 cut or reduced

25 .tudent. c::ul
120
110
315
1'0
BOO

2. Cutbacks in Indian education
money are already evident. Colleges
may have to put more effort into
gaining outside resources to try to
balance this decline in direct student
aid. (CPE, Postsecondary Educational Needs of Washington Indians,
1981.)
3. The most important factor explaining the steady decline in TESC's
out-of-state student enrollment has
been the increase in the non-resident
tuition. Further curtailment of
federal financial aid would probably
make this trend stronger in the
absence of scholarship money.

TESC IMAGES
Introduction
The College's image, i.e. , how the
external world views it, is a critical
factor in the well-being of the institution. Evergreen's image has had its
problems over the years.
The early years of the College were
years of prosperity amid controversy; student demand was very high,
innovative ideas were being put to
the test, some legislators disliked the
innovations and threats of closure
occurred even before the College
opened, the local press was less than
favorable, but at the same time the
College benefited from positive, national exposure.
The early period of prosperity did
not last long. However, a lack of
careful analysis of enrollment trends
and the external environment made
the changes go unnoticed until the
situation reached "crisis" proportion. The College met the problem
head on and in the fall of 1978 a
Design for Enrollment DTF was
charged . In February of 1979, the
DTF submitted its report, the first
attempt to develop a marketing plan
for Evergreen. By fall 1979, a more
comprehensive marketing plan went
into effect. The plan included very
specific strategies for recruiting new
students and increasing public
awareness. Indeed, the consistent increase in enrollment of new students
in recent years, the higher retention
of enrolled students from one year
to the next, and the excellent national, state, and local press
Evergreen has received indicated that
the implementation of this plan,
changes made on campus in response
to identified problems, and improved communication of Evergreen to
the external community have all
helped to improve our image.
Evergreen's Image
In tbe Hlgb Scbools
The 1979 CPE study of Evergreen
, devoted a whole chapter to "Client
and
User
Impressions
of
Evergreen." A summary of their findings showed that high school
students in Southwest Washington
held (I) a rather "unfavorable image
of Evergreen," (2) some misunderstandings of the College's programs,
and (3) high value on some of the
major aspects of the Evergreen curriculum, but did not always associate

proved to be an attractive choice for
community college transfers. The
figures below demonstrate this point:

Evergreen's Image in tbe Etbnlc
COl11munitles: Blat!o, Asians,
Hispanla, and Native Amerit!ans
The figures below show the enrollment of Blacks, Asians, Hispanics,
and Native Americans since the
beginning of the College:

unfair and unacceptable, and others
feel that the College has failed its
mission to serve a large section of the
population of the South Puget
Sound area.
The figures shown on th'e following page show that Evergreen's

Table III
People of Color
I!nroll.ent
, total head count
Black
A.iaD
Hispanic
Native Aaeric80
People of Color
Enrol1.ent
, total bead count
Black
Hispanic
Native Aaerican

People of Color
Bnroll.ent
, total bead count
BIsek
Asian
Hispanic
Native Aaerican

1971

1972

1973

1974

7B
6.6'
32
10
15
21

190
9.3'
B2
19
30
59

196
8.4'
. 60
24
28
84

234
275
9.5' 11. 0'
90
94
23
33
31
3B
90
110

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

230
8.a
94
25
23
88

207
B. I'
BO
26
34
67

209
9.0'
72
32
30
75

204
8.U
7B
35
33
5B

191
6.B'
B5
31
3B
37

19BI

19B2

1983

19B4

19B5

203
7.3'
92
40
30
41

212
281
B.U 10.3'
107
120
67
44
33
3B
28
56

281
9.9'
104
71
45
61

283
9.5'
102
67
47
67

It should be noted that the large
number of Native American students
in 1973-76 reflect an active recruitment of students by Mary Nelson,
and other Native American faculty

Direct fro. Hi«h Scbool
State Residents
Non-residentl
I!NTERING CLASS:
Direct fro. Hi,b Scbool
State Residents
Non-re8ideot.
iNTERING CLASS :

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

458
409
49

435
329
106

294
176
118

212
131
Bl

172
91
Bl

1976

1977

197B

1979

19BO

162
83
79

120
70
50

liB
57
61

158
69
89

138
90
48

1981

19B2

1983

1984

1985

181
124
57

135
102
33

153
122
31

179
143
36

255
200
55

as

enrollment of transfers from other
four-year colleges has remained pretty consistent over the last few years.
For obvious reasons, this group is
not one that the College actively
recruits. It should be noted that the
figures below do not reflect the
number of students that come to
Evergreen after having just left
another four-year college. In fact,
some of these students have attended their last college twenty years
before coming to Evergreen.

Table I
ENTERING CLASS:

1975

Subcommittee Report 7
By the Legislature
There is a mixture of opinions
concerning TESC among the legislators. The College is seen as a
resource and an asset to some. An
attitude of pride and enthusiasm is
demonstrated by these statements
from a Thurston County legislator
interviewed by Pat McLachlan for
the Southwest Washington Study,
and by Jack Daray:
..... Well, I think we're doing well
in this area. TESC has continued to
grow and has become a very positive
force in the community and even
touted one of our resources which
is kind of fun and kind of unusual.
I guess educationally what I'd like to
see in the coming years is to see
TESC continue to grow and
strengthen as a regional university so
that it provides programs for the
southwest area of the state as well as
all of Puget Sound . .. "
" .. . I think TESC could play a
very effective role in helping us set
the public agenda for the next four
years-next ten years and doing so
by providing us with some good
data, by sponsoring some conferences that would include government people, by working in a joint
relationship with more state agencies
on the types of things those state
agencies
are
trying
to
accomplish ... "
An element of confusion hangs
about Evergreen. This is perceived
with a smile as often as a frown. The
following is quoted from a paper entitled "Strategic Planning: An External Analysis," put together from interviews with a selection of
legislators, legislative staff, executive
staff, and staff of the Higher Education Coordinating board:

Table V
1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

19B4

1985

114

130

105

106

101

121

122

45

51

51

48

47

50

51

fro. out-ofstate colleges 356

406

312

232

244

260

267

Trllneferl
fro. WA
4-yr public
fro. WA

Direct fro. Higb Scbool
State Resident.
Non-residents

Table II
Total Enrollment from Washington
Community Colleges
1979 1980 1981 t982 1983 1984 t985
277 340 366 300 41 I 419 4 I 9

The 1985 CPE Report on
Evergreen made special mention of
the fact that Evergreen enrolls the
highest number of transfers from
Southwest Washington community
colleges than any other public four,
year institution in the State.
" . . . This is particularly noteworthy considering (hat in 1977
Evergreen was second lowest in
receipt oj Southwest Washington
community col/ege transjers (exceeding only Eastern Washington
University). "
Evergreen has worked hard at
establishing a solid relationship with
the community colleges in our area.
Our cooperative ventures with South
Puget Sound Community College in
language and math courses, our
faculty exchange with South Central
Community College, and the upper
division programs offered in
cooperation with Clark Community
College and Tacoma Community
College are examples of our close ties
with the community colleges in the
area. However, it should be noted
that several individuals from Grays
Harbor County, Mason County, and
Cowlitz County expressed a strong
desire to have Evergreen develop
cooperative upper division programs
with the community colleges in their
respective communities. (Hunter!
McLachlan Study.)
The need for a college education
in this community is greater now that
high-paying mill jobs for high school
graduates a re scarce. Perhaps the
local community colleges and TESC
could work out cooperative programs so that students could get a
cohesive four-year educational
program .
High school graduates who find it
difficult to find a high-paying job in
a local mill will need to pursue a college education for career presentation. Perhaps TESC and local community colleges could work out a
cooperative four-year program for
Cowlitz County students.

4-yr private

members, financial assistance from
the Presbyterian Church, and the
fact that most of those students were
able to' remain at home.
The Tacoma program has been extremely successful in attracting people of color in Tacoma, especially
Blacks. The figures on the next page
show the enrollment of Blacks,
Asians, Hispanics and Native
Americans in Tacoma:

Evergreen's Image in
Soulhwest Washington
A variety of studies conducted in
the mid- and late 1970's by internal
(Hunter) as well as external (Jones,
Leiser, U. W. graduate students)
sources confirmed that Evergreen
was perceived as an institution of
poor quality, unfriendly, and with an
unintelligible curriculum. Some of

Table IV
Asians
Bleck.
Hispanics
Native A.ericans
Total

1981

1982

1983

I
43
1

2
55
3

3
62

!

!

~

58
1
;!

46

61

71

65

The overall enrollment figures for
Asians, Blacks, Hispan ics, and
Native Americans are disappointingly low. The College has done a variety of things to attract more members
of these groups : in 1980 a member
of the admissions counseling staff
was given the primary responsibility
for the recruitment of people of color; travel to high schools with large
Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native
American population was increased;
travel to Indian Nations and community agencies was also increased;
scholarships and tuition waivers have
been set aside for these students; oncampus preview days have been held.
Obviously, we have not exhausted all
possibilities, and we must continue
to strive to achieve a higher representation of these students at Evergreen.
Evergreen's Image
In the Four-year Colleges
In recent years Evergreen has
taken many positive steps to become
more involved with other four-year
institutions in the State, e.g., the
teacher certification program with
the University of Puget Sound and
Western Washington University, the
Washington Center, etc. All of these
instances have helped our external
colleagues to gain a better understanding of Evergreen's curriculum and
educational philosophy. However, it
is clear that some of our colleagues
at the other four-year public universities view Evergreen's unit cost as

3

1984

1985

4

2
47
5

!
55

these surveys indicated that people
felt either strongly for or against
Evergreen; there were fewer in between. Contact with the College appeared to be a significant factor in
the perception of the College.
In recent years Evergreen has
reached out in many ways to the
local community, e.g., Super Saturday, Tribute to Japan, Evergreen Expressions Series, academic projects
in the community, and the Center for
Community Development. All of
these events have made the College
an active participant in the region,
and as hundreds of visitors come to
"our home," we have become more
accessible and better understood.
There are over 1,000 Evergreen
graduates in Thurston County. Their
positive influence has increased the
College's stature in the local
community.
Surveys conducted by Evergreen's
Institutional· Research Office with
key individuals in Southwest Washington this past summer showed very
few negative comments and a much
greater understanding of the College's academic offerings. However,
as we become better known by "our
neighbors," the expectations of the
College have risen. There seems to
be an almost unanimous cry for the
College to assist those economically
deprived counties in our area with
economic development.

" ... Evergreen serves as a thorn in
side to the 'establishment' institutions which insist on 'doing' education the same 'old way.' A genuine
fascination and support of the innovativeness of Evergreen 'whatever
it really is,' exists."
..... If locals really knew what was
possible with the institutions, they'd
be mad that they either a) weren't using the College, or b) the College
wasn't doing more for them."
" . .. Higher education does not
care about State needs; it's in its own
world. "
Legislators from the outlying and
more rural counties are dealing with
economic problems unlike those of
the more urban counties like
Thurston and Pierce. This portion of
the interview of Representative V.
Vander Stoep, District #20
(Southwest Washington Study) is an
example of recurring complaints in
more distant counties:
" . .. As far as the Evergreen State
College's part in the education of the
work force for this community is
concerned, Evergreen doesn't attract
very many high school graduates and
older students seeking 'training' who
are from Lewis County. What are
the reasons? High school students
must be self- directed and welldisciplined to succeed at The
Evergreen State College and not
many high school students qualify.
Also, TESC is not in the 'training'
business.'
A healthy working relationship is
developing between TESC and the
Legislature by virtue of the many
students who have interned and
volunteered there. Communication
has improved over the years as the
number of TESC legislators and
legislative staff increase. The relationship between TESC and the legislature seems to be improving as
evidenced by the following statement
in the 1985 Council for Postsecondait Education Report on Evergreen
to the Legislature: (page ii)
" ... The Evergreen State College
has met the requirements of RCW
28B.40.24O and .244 and those
statues should be repealed. The

i

/

j

SubcommIttee Repor/ 9

Subcommittee Report 8
future of Evergreen is no longer at
risk. Evergreen's interdisciplinary
undergraduate and graduate programs are enjoying acceptance and
recognition with increasing demands
10 expand enrollments. Evergreen offers a wide spectrum of educational
services to the southwest region, including community service and conllnuing education workshops,
seminars and lectures."

campus constituents. Communication of a mutually-agreed upon image of Evergreen has been and remains a difficult task.

Washington Study, The Water Link:
A History of Puget Sound as a
Resource (1981), by Daniel J.
Chason, and Washington 2000
presented by KING TV IN 1985.

National Image
Affinity wllb the Natural
During the last several years,
Environment
TESC has enjoyed a good deal of
The natural environment is a most
favorable national attention. The
important component in a definition
following paragraphs are taken from
of Washington state; its beauty,
the 1985 CPE report:
diversity, and sometimes overwhelm" .. The Evergreen State College
ing presence has an impact on the
enJoys an increasingly visible reputaBy Employers
people who choose to come and to
tIOn as one of the finest small liberal
According to placement statistics
stay in the state. Affinity for the
arts colleges in the nation. The
Evergreeners are successful at finnatural environment has many exNovember 28, 1983 issue of U.S.
dmg employment after graduation.
pressions; however, four will be
News and World Report pubhshed
Major career Interest areas of
highlighted in this report. The
the findings of their survey of 1,308
Evergreen graduates are blOloglcall
natural environment, for many,
four-year undergraduate schools A
environmental science and counselserves as a source of recreation and
total of 662 responded, selecting top
mg/social services; these are the top
leisure acttvittes; many spend nonschools In five categones of liberal
two fields smce 1981 and In the top
working time in the mountams,
arts colleges that grant bachelor's
three Since 1971 Next comes educaforests, on the water, or Just outdegrees. In the category of smaller
lion, the third most popular field for
doors, partiCipating in active and
comprehenSIve universities with
the classes of '81, '83, and '84. The
passive recreatIOnal activiues and In
regIOnal reputations that emphaSize
other major mterest areas are public
appreCiation of scemc vIstas.
the liberal arts, The Evergreen State
administratIOn, visual arts, and
For others, the natural environCollege
was ranked first in the
business management.
ment serves as a source of livehhood
Midwest and West.
In spite of an mcreasmg depressthrough the resource mdustries of the
In September, 1984, the naed employment situation on both the
state such as fishing, aquaculture,
tIOnally dlstnbuted Sunday supplestate and national level, Evergreen
agriculture, or timber. Others are
ment of Parade magazme carned an
graduates conUnue to find and mainemployed in recreation-oriented
article wnlten by Lisa Blrnbach,
lam successful careers and to use
businesses or in tounsm. An Imporselecting Evergreen as one of "The
their liberal arts degrees creatively,
tant pornon of our state's economic
10 Best-Kept Secrets Among
even though employment levels are
base is generated by manufacturing,
Amencan Colleges."
down 14~/o from last year. One
retail, and service industries
Two years earlier, Sevenleen
reason for thiS year's decrease In
associated with the natural
employment IS that the maJonty of magazme haa proclaimed Evergreen,
environment.
along with a handful of other colEvergreen graduates have chosen to
Affmity for the natural environleges, to be a "hIdden gem" In
work In pubhc sector fields where
ment in spiritual terms IS also an imhigher educauon . . "
fundmg cutbacks are at an all time
portant component of thiS value.
"
Such artIcles have caught the
high. Results from the annual spring
This expression is perhaps best
attention of regIOnal and national
survey of alumm indicated that many
represented in the hves and cultures
media, includmg a Voice of Amenca
graduates are between Jobs. The two
of our Native American peoples m
reporter who visited Evergreen m
largest areas of employment for
the state.
September,
1984, mterviewmg for a
Evergreen graduates-environFmally, the natural environment
feature on Evergreen for internamental sciences and social servlcesIS valued as a setting for residential
tional broadcast m more than 40
are areas where major funding cutland uses or for views provided
languages. "
backs and program elimination on
resldennal lots. There IS a value in
Favorable editorials, and, in most
both a state and federal level Ihave
thiS state for low density settlement
cases, spec tal feature articles have
occurred.
patterns outside the most highly uralso appeared 10 the Spokane
Many employers have praised the
bamzed areas and a Willingness to
self-directedness and creallvity of Chromcle, the Vancouver Columpay dearly for views and access to
blUn, the Portland Oregoman, the
TESC graduates. They were Judged
bodies of water.
Tacoma News Tribune, the Seattle
to be superior to graduates of more
Times, the Seattle Post-Inlelilgencer,
The Importance of
tradlttonal schools 10 their abiltty to
the Bellevue Journal-American and
Environmental Quality
deal confidently with new situations
the OlymplUn. "
The people of the state value good
Evergreen's philosophy of returnIng
environmental quality. One has onIn Fall 1985, U.S. News also askpersonal authonty for learrung to the
ly to look at environmental laws
student yields persons who have ed college preSidents to namepassed and the resolutIOn of enWithout any lIst to choose fromlearned how to make chOIces.
vi ron mental Issues over the last fif"an up and commg undergraduate
The Interdiscipltnary, multiteen years to realize the strength of
dimensional approach to knowledge college which IS a model of excellence
thiS i:onviction. A few laws includfor the future" Most often mentIOnIS held as an Ideal at TESC The
ed the State Environmental Pohcy
ed were Alverno College of Wlsconablhty to approach a problem from
Act, Shorehnes Protection Act,
sm, Tnmty Umverslty of Texas, and
a Wide vanety of directIOns IS a
Forest Practices Act, Open Space
charactensttc highly valued by many Evergreen. U. S News featured the
top
three
as
'academIC
Taxatton Act at the state level and
employers.
pIOneers
on education's leadmg
issues mcluding tankers In Puget
The formal of the Evergreen
Sound, the Northern Tier pIpeline
Iranscnpt IS conSidered cumbersome edge ..
A nationWide mdex of the quality
proposal, Boldt, Phase II, and most
and madequate by some employers
recently, the 1986 Puget Sound
who rely heaVily on speCifiC creden- of Evergreen's product IS the list of
clean-up project. CItizens m the state
uals to make their chOlcc of who to educational mstltutlOns who have achave also been effectively committed
hire Others see It as a valuable tool cepted Greeners for post-graduate
study 281 national and mternatlonal to energy conservatIOn measures. In
for employer deCISions.
discussions of the future of
mStltutlOns of learnmg are hsted In
(Sources. the CPE Report, the
the Office of Career Planning and
Washmgton state, economIc growth
Southwest Washmgton Study, and
millatives are tYPically reViewed for
Placement Reports for 1981-1984 Placement's report Notable among
from the OffIce of Career Plannmg these are such prestlgtOUS umverSltIes Impact on the natural environment
and environmental quahty
as Yale, Harvard, Pnnceton and
and Placement)
MIT
"Frontier Spirit"
Communication of Self-Image
Although Washmgton has been
There are mcreasing mdlcallons
surpassed by Alaska as the real "last
that Evergreen's Image IS Improving
frontier," its geographiC location
The College's esteem IS rISmg as the
and recent settlement by non-nattve
pool of Evergreen graduates expands
people stIli proVide a sense of
and as favorable nauonal press
newness and open-ended ness for
(discussed m the next secuon) conchOices. Many see thiS region as
tinues However, elements of confurelatively unspoiled, a locanon for
SIOn and dissatisfaction wllh the
new,
and as yet untned, opporcommUnIcatIOn of TESC's Image IntroductIOn
tUnIttes, and for the chance for a seAt the frrst consultation sesston we
persIst.
cond beginning. One recent example
One of the major findings of the were asked to address values and
of thIS last senllment has been the ac1979 CPE study was that many pro- asplrallons of people m Washmgton
ceptance of refugees from Southeast
spectIve students were umnformed or state In this sectIOn we have tned to
ASIa and the efforts to make theIr
Identify several factors that seem to
mISInformed about the College.
asslmllanon a smooth one.
Evergreen has spent conSIderable charactenze Important values Of
Washmgton has what can be
lime and rcsources to make Its self- course, m an endeavor of thiS type
charactenzed
as a PopulIst hentage
Image more understandable The II IS ImpOSSIble to mdlcate all the IInwllh an active, Informed citizenry,
portant values, and It IS qUIte clear
catalog remains the pnnclpal pnnt
pubhc ports and utlhlles, a large
vehIcle for defining Itself to the ex- that values held 10 one place or
number of elected state and local ofternal world. The catalog has been wllhlll a certain category of people
fiCials and mdependent commiSSIOns
cnllclzed externally for being too may not be held elsewhere We have
There
IS also WIdespread support for
tned,
therefore,
to
choose
only
those
vague and It has been chastised inmdlVldual mltiatlve, relatively unenternally for bemg too speCIfIC. Some that seem to have fairly WIdespread
cumbered by regulation and
acceptance, recogniZing that many
studellls have VOIced a concern that
bureaucracy. Not only are least
the catalog IS misleading. SpecifIC argue a value dimorphism m Washregulallons valued, but a companion
mgton
defined
as
West
or
East
of
the
mentIon has been made of program
notIOn is expressed by the assertion
descnptlons WhiCh, 10 the end, dtf- Cascades or by rural or urban areas,
that the best government is closest to
fer slgmflCantly from the actual con- whIch would by defimtion hmll
the people. And, of course, d,rect
tent of programs. The portrayal of seriously any opportumty for
democracy
measures, Imttatlve,
the student body through photo- stateWIde shanng of values.
referendum, and recall, and 10Sources for this sectIon mclude ingraphs In the catalog has been
sistence on main- tainlng a "blanket
cnuclzed for failing to represent the terviews conducted by Steve Hunter
pnmary," prOVide a maximum of
and Pat McLachlan m Southwest
st udent body accurately.
control over government by the
There are diverse opinIOns of what Washmgton and King County
electorate.
the College IS, and should be, among (1985), the 1974 Alternatives for

QUALITY OF LIFE,
VALUES AND
ASPIRATIONS
IN WASHINGTON
STATE

"

Washington citizens are enterpnsing and creative in the economic sector as well; economic development
activities from local grass-roots levels
to the international trade arena
abound and certainly the large
number of new, small businesses attest to the initiative of individuals
economically in Washington state.
Personal and Environmental Heahh
These values are probably important throughout the country, but certainly have expression in Washington
through concern over air and water
pollution, hazardous waste disposal,
MEDIC I programs, worker safety
and worker right-to-know regulations. This value is further characterized by the decentralization of
health facilities throughout the state
and the operation of a strong health
planmng system .
Washlnton's Tradition of Active
Unions and High Wages
The industnes that have traditionally driven Washington's
economy are marked by high rates
of union membership and hIgh
wages. Since the earliest days of the
umon movement, Washington
workers have been among the most
active unionists in the natton. The
earliest labor confrontations occurred at coal mInes In the nineteenth
century. Later, more famous battles
such as the Centralia massacre, the
Everett massacre, the Spokane free
speech fight and the Seattle general
strike confirm thiS early radicalism.
Historians often attribute the
radicalism of the WashIngton
workers to the brutality of life in the
mines, woods and the mills in the
early years of this century and the
pattern of immigration into
Washington and British Columbia.
In the wood products Industries, fnr
example, early Washington UnIons
were built on the industnal UnIon
model-as opposed to the usually
more conservative craft union model
common in Oregon. Thus, Oregon
has a much more conservative union
tradition. Throughout the twentieth
century, this early radicalism also
manifested Itself In a strong populist
tradition discussed above. lt was the
public power movement that prompted Postmaster General James A.
Farley to offer the following toast
durIng a 1930 visit to Seattle: "To
the forty-seven states and the soviet
of Washington" (Charles Pierce
LeWarne, Utopias on Puget Sound,
Seattle: UnIversity of Washmgton
Press, 1975, pp. 3).
Presently, WashIngton ranks as
one of the most UnIOnIzed states 10
the natton . Though the per capita
real personal income has recently
fallen below the national average, the
Industnes that have traditionally
been Important to the state's
economy-wood products and aerospace-pay hIgh wages and are
generally UnIOnIzed. Further, a
strong popuhst tradition and well
developed network of pubhcly owned enterprises are part of the state's
legacy from ItS radical past
Support for Education
As mentIOned elsewhere In thiS
report, there are strong participation
rates In the higher education system
10 the state. ThiS fact is Indicative of
the importance of educallon for
Citizens in the state. The Doran deCIsion in the late seventies prOVided full
state fundIng of baSIC education for
K-12. ThiS funding IS supplemented
regularly by speCial leVies passed 10
school dlstncts throughout the state
and through revenues from DNR
timber
sales
as ' mandated
constitutionally
There is a range and large number
of Institutions of higher education In
the state. Access by CItizens to higher
education opportunllles has long
been an Important value which has
been most recently reaffirmed (1986)
by the legislators' deCision to open
a new commumty college In Pierce
County .
Pride in Washington State
Although thiS value IS expressed by
the earlier interest and care for the
natural environment, it is much more
pervasIve. People throughout the
state are proud of Washington and
work hard m both pubhc and pnvate
spheres to protect and enhance theIr

quality of life. Downtown revitalization efforts in a number of urban
areas, including Olympia, Seattle,
Spokane and others are indications
of this pride. Pride is also expressed
through new an expanded cultural
opportunities. The Washington
Center for the Performing Arts is
just one example among many. A
number of revita1ization and cultural
enrichment projects are also occurring on tribal lands in this region. A
beautiful example is the museum at
Neah Bay built and operated by the
Makah nation.
Summary
As a state-supported institution, It
is important that decision-makers at
Evergreen be aware of these and
other charactenstics that uniquely
define the quality of hfe, values and
aspirations that Washington citizens
embrace since planning efforts will
occur wlthm this value-laden state
context.

CONCLUSION
This section concludes our report
about the external environment; we
have Sifted through data 10 our
report to identify features that we
believe represent the most Important
opportumtles and constraints for
strategic planning efforts at Evergreen. Six features are presented:
physical locatIOn, TESC students In
the future, perceptions of the college,
political reality, expectations of community service, and educational prominence. Under each of these
headings we have described the
feature, indicated evidence that supports its importance, and offered
consequences and implications that
the feature and related issues have
for Evergreen's future planning
efforts.
We have tried to make sure our
conclusions are based on the data In
the text of the report although mterpretatlon, by definitIOn, IS valueladen . In the Interest of focus and
brevity, we have not done much
reiteration of the data; these conclusions should be read in the context
of the detailed matenal in the earher
parts of the draft.
Physical Location
Feature: Whatever planning inItiatives we pursue in our future, our
physical location should be a
pnmary consideration and used to
Evergreen's advantage.
Evidence: TESC is located on a
wooded, one thousand-acre campus,
five miles from the WashIngton state
capttol, between the economically
stable Puget Sound BaSIn and
economically distressed Southwest
Washmgton. Evergreen IS 10 the
environmentally-conscIOus Paci flc
Northwest, IS near the coast of the
PaCifiC Ocean, and has access to international connections prOVided by
the PaCifiC Rim. Withm thirty miles
of thiS chOice location, 11.8 percent
of Washington's population live and
work .
Consequences/Implications:
1. Because of our location, plannmg Ini!1atlves should give particular
attentIon to (a) the urban placebound adult, (b) workers in state
government, and (c) culturally
diverse people In Southwest
Washington and within the thtrtymile radIUS.
2. Our planning efforts should be
10 tune with values in the state that
try 10 maintaIn a oalance between the
natural environment and envIronmental quahty and economic
development.
3. Because of WashIngton State
and Evergreen's proximity to the
PaCifiC Rim, opportumtles eXist to
build In exchanges and curncular
responses to Pacific R,m cultures,
economies, and pohlIcal systems
Evergreen Students in the Future
Feature:
1. The potential pool of students
IS changIng,
2. Currently, there is a surplus of
students WIshing to attend
Evergreen.
Evidence: The makeup of
Evergreen's future student body Will
depend on a vast number of factors,
most of which can only be seen dimly
from the perspective of the present.
A few elements are, however, clear.

makes the consistent articulation of
Labor market needs will be different
from the past. The shifts in industry our image and mission a significant
structure imply voluntary and in- challenge in the future . We should
insure that our actions follow from
voluntary job changing, changes in
job expectations, reductions in levels our intentions; our image that attracts people to TESC should
of financial aid and other governtranslate into a positive experience
mental support of higher education,
on campus. We should fully and acand a continuing need for the
curately articulate our intent, prorevitalization of the Southwest
Washington economy. Demographic cess, and product, particularly to
those constttuencies that are unclear
changes include a continued increase
about us. Communication of our imIn the number of SIngle parent
age has historically been difficult for
families, an increasing demand for
the college, and it plays a cntlcal role
basic educatton (and K-12 teachers),
in the success of our strategic plana rising proportion of people of colning process.
or In WashIngton, an Increasing
number of urban place-bound adults
Political ReaUties
WIthIn Evergreen's service area, and
Features: Three major features are
a changing share for Evergreen of
pohtlcal realities that the college
the college-bound market, such as
must conSider 10 Its planning.
more hIgh school dtrects Enrollment
1.) Evergreen's "umt costs" conof part-time, non-matnculated
tInue to be high.
students has been sharply curtailed
2. State and federal revenues will
over the past two years.
continue to be hmited In the short
Consequences/implications: We
- and medium range future .
need to make choices about who will
3. Higher education must do a betbe our preferred students in the
ter Job of serving the citizens of the
future; the mix of students we choose
state.
to serve has direct Implication for the
Evidence:
type of college we are.
I There is some concern about ab1. We need to maintam and insolute costs of higher education, but
crease diverSity In our student body
by far the most Important conSidera2. When we make choices about
tIOn for Evergreen has to be that ItS
student compoSItion, we must follow
per student costs ("UnIt costs") are
those decisions through their Impacts
significantly higher than those of the
on other areas of the college, for exother five state-supported four-year
ample, providmg suffiCient oninstitutions. It costs over 50070 more
campus housmg.
to educate a student at Evergreen
3. Because of uncertainties m the
than at Eastern, Central, or Western.
economic future and changmg job
In comparison With Similar statemarkets, It Will be Important to resupported schools outside of Washtam our generahst approach to
ington or wllh small private liberaleducatIOn aVOiding narrow-track
arts colleges wlthm the state,
vocattonal training, and to remaIn
however, Evergreen's per-student
flexible in our curricular plannmg.
costs are NOT out of hne .
4. We will have to find ways to
2. There is overwhelming data to
proVide access to Evergreen in an ensupport the concluston that state and
vironment of dechning financial aid
federal revenues will continue to be
resources and declining family
severely hmlted dunng the planning
incomes.
period. Moreover, higher educatIOn
S. The Incentive to have offhas not been able to compete effeccampus programs is decreasing. We
ttvely With other claimants: expencurrently can mamtaIn a suffictent
ditures for higher education have
~lUdent populatlon on the main camdropped from about 15070 of the
pus; our umt-cost Issue Will be helped
state budget to about 10070 . Full funif all programs were at the OlympIa
dIng of baSIC educatton, comparable
campus, and changes In the politics
worth, clean water, and basic social
of lugher education Will not allow us
needs have been seen as far more
to count off- campus students .
necessary than even maIntainIng the
Therefore, the college should excurrent level of fundmg for htgher
amIne the reasons that support exeducation.
isting and new programs proposed In
3. Data suggest that behind the
the future.
often conflicting and ad-hoc actIOns
6. The college needs to address the
of the state legIslature and executive
questIOn of how to proVIde contInUoffices lies a genUIne deSire that
109 educatton offerings.
higher education do a better Job of
We have the opportunity through
serving the people of the state
student admiSSIons to promote exEVIdence of thIS deSIre IS mamfested
pectattons for an alternative educaby comments of county and
lion that are consIstent wllh our
mumclpal offl(;!als to the effect that
strengths In apphed liberal arts and
higher education really ought to "do
SCiences.
something" to help solve the state's
Perception of the College
(and
espeCIally
Southwest
Feature: PerceptIOns about the
Washington's) economIc CTlSIS, by
college remaIn uneven across ItS
the creation of the HECB and
constituenCies
assOCiated legIslative concern about
Evidence: Evergreen has worked
program duplication , lack of
very hard In recent years to bUIld a cooperatIOn among the state's colstrong image among educators, In
leges and umversltles, and offthe local community, and in the na- campus programs, and by growmg
tional medIa. These efforts have paid cnllClsm of higher educatIOn for falloff WIth mcreased enrollment and
mg to perform self-assessment and
strong, posItive national attention . measure "outcomes."
However, confUSIOn remains about
Consequences/implications:
the mandate, miSSIon, goals, and
I. W,th respect to umt cost, the
"product" of the college among college MUST defuse thiS Issue In
several Important constituencies:
the past, attempts to do so have
1. The unclear intent of the
focused on growth: the college adlegislature in establishing the college ministrators have asserted that If the
is still a factor at the state Capitol
college were allowed to grow, then
For example, in the legislature some Unit costs would be comparable
vIew us as mnovators, some as
The data collected by the commllregional educators, some as state- tee suggest, however, that a growth
WIde educators, some as educators strategy tIed to umt costs faces cerfor pubhc and government serVice, tam difficulties:
and a staunch few contmue to view
(a) Given tight revenues, growth in
us as "a problem."
order to reduce unit costs may be
2. Regional busmess and com- unattractive to the state since 11 stili
munity leaders express a broad range reqUires greater ABSOI;,UTE
of opmions about what Evergreen is expenditures
and what it can do. Some people
(b) Lowering UnIt costs through
look to TESC for liberal arts, some growth is predIcated on the assumpfor public serVice, some for retram- tion that the additional students can
mg and vocational opportunities, be absorbed with Virtually ZERO adand some for economic development dItional expenditures except for more
consultatton. A few, in the Vanfaculty . In order to dnve umt costs
couver /Longvlew area, ques!1on our down to a level close to that of the
abihty to serve them at all.
other state schools, Evergreen would
3. In spite of mternal comhave to increase Its enrollment by
mitments to intercultural hteracy and about 50070 With virtually no addlstrong goals for partiCipation by peolions to budgets for student services,
ple of color, partiCipatIOn on the hbranes, laboratones, computmg,
Olympia campus remains low.
etc. Were the college to do so, 11 IS
Con seq uences/lm plica tlons:
extremely doubtful that ItS 10Evergreen's increased visibility
novaltve curncular structure and

quality could be maintained.
Moreover, it might be possible for
the college to approach the unit cost
issue in a very different way: by makIng a claim to become the state's exemplary undergraduate college at an
acknowledged higher unit cost as the
price for higher quality. If
Evergreen's soaring applications and
excellent national press were coupled with an aggressive effort to address the part of its mandate focusIng on service to the region and to
state government, then acceptance of
higher unit costs might be obtaIned .
Of course, so long as any cost
dispanty eXists, future cnticisms can
sltll arise.
These factors suggest that growth
Will not solve Evergreen's unit cost
problem at an acceptable pnce and
that other strategies must be explored . The Plannmg CounCil Will
need to consider this carefully.
2. With respect to the fact of
hmlted revenues, It seems clear that
the total state budget (the "pie") will
grow only slowly for the next several
years. Therefore, If higher education
In general, and Evergreen in part1cular, wants more funding, It must
concentrate on gettmg a larger slice
of the pie at the expense of other
claimants. The best strategy IS to
build a convinCing case that higher
educatIOn IS central to the state's
larger goals. At present the most obVIOUS goals WIth whIch to make such
connecttons are economic development and environmental quality .
3. With respect to the growmg
concern that higher education pay
more attentIOn to "servIce,"
Evergreen IS particularly vulnerable
due to past confUSion about ItS mandate and a history of allegations that
it has neglected Southwest Washington. The college can best position
itself for the predicted increase 10
emphaSIS on "service" by developIng outcome measures that It IS
prepared to defend and by creatmg
programs (not necessanly all
academIC) that demonstrably address
state needs .
Expectations of Community Service
Feature: Although our mitlal mandate(s) are somewhat Inconclusive
about who we are obligated to serve
beyond a general obhgatlon to the
cItizens of the state as a state agency
and InstitutIOn of higher education,
It IS clear that people In Southwest
Washmgton, South Puget Sound,
and state government want
Evergreen to playa role m meeting
mdlvldual and community needs.
Evidence: These needs, whIch can
be responded to In a curncular or
non-curncular way, have been IdenIIfled through Interviews WIth people
111 Southwest Washll1gton, the Puget
Sound Basm, and In state
government.
Con sequences/implica tions:
Evergreen should respond to commumty servIce needs In these three
areas:
I. We should continue and expand
offeTlngs that serve II1dlvlduals and
commumttes through (a) indIVIdual
matnculallon In on-going full or
part-tIme cUfllcular offerings, (b)
programs deSigned to fit needs m the
three service areas, (c) internships
that enable a student to work m commumty settings, and (d) programs
that have an applied commumty servIce component.
2. We should also continue to proVIde and expand communIty service
through such mechanisms as the Instit ute for Pubhc Pohcy, the late
Center for CommunIty Development , and the proposed Labor
Education Center.
3. Beyond these historical and ongomg efforts , Evergreen should Investigate and create new ways to offer communIty service parttcularly m
Southwest Washmgton, South Puget
Sound, and state government.
We believe that prOViding a high
quahty education IS the most appropnate form of "service" for a
college, but we encourage the PlannIng CounCil to explore ways In
which connecttons between that
educatIOn and expressed needs m the
surroundIng commUnIties and state
can be strengthened.
Educational Prominence
Feature: Evergreen IS mcreasingly recognIzed as a POSitive force na-

tionally and regionally m the movement for the improvement of higher
education. It is particularly recogmzed for Its emphasis on interdiSCIplinary, team-taught coordinated
studies, active rather than passive
learning, working with nontraditional students, If cooperative
rather than competitive learning environment, apphed liberal arts, and
self-directed learnmg We are known
more for the way in which we teach
rather than what we teach.
Evidence: Support for thIS feature
IS found In nattonal reports, conferences, books, CPE reports,
educattonal monograph, and arttcles, as well as from contacts, exchanges, and cooperallve endeavors
with other colleges (regIOnal and na1I0nal, two and four-year). There IS
also an mcreased interest from applicants who come to Evergreen for
1IS speCIal qualities. The most recent

eVidence of our educational prominence comes from funding by
Ford and Exxon Foundations for the
Washmgton Center for the Improvement of Undergraduate EducatIOn
that was established at Evergreen m
1985.
Consequence~/implicalions:

1. We have every reason to feel
confident about our contribution to
quality higher education and should
take an increasmgly strong role m
educatIOnal leadership in the state
and nallonally.
2. We should build on these
recognIzed strengths and make them
more explicit in our documents.
(ThIS does not mean Ignonng other
strengths or discouraging mnovatlon
that might bUild new strengths .)
3. We should contmue to mnovate
and seek opportunIties to learn from
others m hIgher educatton

First Draft Report of the Values
and Aspirations Subcommittee
for Strategic Planning
I. INTRODUCTION
Th,s report represents the first
draft of the thought of the Values
and Aspirations Sub-CommIttee. We
stress that it is a draft, and that we
are not yet makmg recommendallons
on the Issues discussed below What
we offer here IS the result of mtenslve d,SCUSSIOn WIthin the committee
and reflects, we believe, SignIficant
values of the Evergreen community
as they have been expressed to us.
We have not pulled values and
aspirations for Evergreen from the
air. Rather, we have Identified many
of the values and aspiratIOns expressed in official college documents, In
numerous surveys of opmlon of
segments of the commumty, and m
comments and responses given to us
by many of you. We have tried to
ascertam the relattonship between
our pracl1ces and our claims. We
have listened carefully at workshops
and all-campus consultation sessions, and have discussed the memos
and letters you have sent to us
Throughout all of thiS , certaIn
value commitments keep recurnng
These value commItments are always
Intertwmed with others, often are In
tensIon (or even colhson) wllh one
another, and occasionally lead to
confUS ion or contradiction One
clear, and Important, message we've
receIved though IS that we should
stnve to define the central traits of
Evergreen, the main charactenstlcs
that have made the place what It IS.
However, It has become equally clear
to us that Evergreen has, and needs,
ImpreCise boundanes and fu zzy
edges The ambigUIty and tensIOn
here often inspire our most creative
and Imaginative efforts. Our committee has attempted to artIculate
some of the values at the center of
Evergreen, whIle recoglllzmg that a
college commttted to mdlVldual
development, supportive of cultural
dlvers1ly, and engaged 10 mnovatlon
must not define preCisely what IS to
be excl uded.
Which values and practIces make
E vergreen Evergreen? We believe
they include, among other things, a
curriculum integrative both In mode
and content, and a purposeful
responsiveness to individual
autonomy In teaching and in learn mg, 10 communIty hfe , and 10 adminIstrative and organIzational affairs. Central values are central
because they are worth arguing over
and fighting for . Hence this report
presents (In thiS section) not only
those central values and practices
that we feel should be continued mto the future, but sets forth also (m
sectIOn 2) a senes of tnal balloons,
discussion of which by members of
the community, should disclose additional values and practices we
uphold as main features of t he institution. We present each balloon as
a pracllce to conSider adoptmg.
Around this practice, we display
those values that appear to support
and nurture that particular practice,
and also values that may conflIct
With It. We then offer a paragraph

that exammes the mterplay of those
values
Our report also outhnes (sectIOn 3)
complex Issues that need attentIOn by
others, probably begmning next
year; section 4 lists those value labels
we've found recurnng m virtually all
of our d,SCUSSions; secllon 5 suggests
ways that you can gIve us feedback
and help in our tasks; seclion 6
outhnes an appendIX that will appear
In our fmal draft. All through thiS
draft we have hlghhghted values m
boldface type.
The practices the corruruttee thmks
are important to preserve are:
• integrative curnculum
• full-time study
• group contracts
• indIVIdual contracts
• mternshlps
• narrattve evaluatIOns and evalualion conferences
• coordmated studies programs
• 20' I across the board student. faculty ratIo
• S&A Board allocatIOn process
• constItuency partiCIpatIOn on
governance grou ps
Integrative Curriculum IS a name
we have chosen to denote the way
Evergreen organIzes Its curriculum
One thmg whIch makes Evergreen an
alternatIve to trad,t,onal liberal arts
colleges is the way II Integrates Inter·
dlsclphnary studIes, full-time programs, semmars and team-teachmg
Into a coherent teachmg system . NarratIve evaluations and evaluation
conferences are essenllal features of
thIS system and an effective way of
appraising a student's development.
Two features of Full-time Study
Programs, both coordmated studies
programs and group contracts, are
the seminar and team-teachmg.
Though many schools have seminars
and/or team-teachmg, these features
are part of a larger structure of praclIces whIch makes Evergreen what It
IS. The slxteen-credll hmlt on enrollment Implies that we are more concerned with the quality of the student's development than with mere
d,sc,phnary coverage. Team-teachmg
provides role models from whIch
students can learn . The mutual
respect faculty members accord each
other fosters cooperative, collegIal
relattons among students In semmars
and m their lives outSide of class
Mutual respect fosters cooperation
over competition. Students are encouraged to partICipate actively m
sem inars, to help each other learn
and to articulate Ideas clearly and
cogently. We value these methods of
learnIng because we think they help
students develop skills whIch are
necessary to be active members of
communitlt's.
Full-time study IS central to Interdisciplinary Work. In our dally hves
we learn in a variety of ways and the
problems we encounter are
multtdimenslonal Evergreen has
traditionally considered It more effective to conceive problems from
many angles rather than from

,

1.

Subcommittft Report
isolated disciplinary perspectives. Inresponsive to the needs of SW
terdisciplinary study helps us to A. PLAN FOR CONTROLLED
Washington by accepting more apunderstand the world more fully. Ex- ENROLLMENT GROWTH
plicants fr om the area. On the other
isting modes of coordinated studies
The more people we have here, the hand, once students are here it would
and group contracts embody the
more
the community can be made be harder to be responsive to their
foregoing values well, both modes
allowing for advanced work and aware of cultural differences, and of needs. A larger community could
help make best use of our facilities.
demanding personal commitment the need to respect cultural diversity. The sense of community, a highly It could also put more pressure on
and responsibiUty.
Individual Contracts are a respected value at Evergreen might facilities, especially the physical
valuable part of the curriculum. be harder to maintain were the col- plant. Renovation of buildings to acThey require students to take respon- lege to get .much larger. Growth commodate (say) 4,000 students
sibility for their own education. Con- could also lower unit COSt. Growth would probably undermine the
tracts are one way that Evergreen is could allow the school to be more seminar mode of instruction .
responsive to individuals, for they
provide an avenue of study speciresp'ect cuI lura]
co •• itt.ent to
diversity
fically tailored to students' needs.
equal opportunity
best use of
But this practice, perhaps more than
facili1 ies
any other on the list, embodies conresponsivenells
to needs of
flicting values. In an individuated
destroy part __
sw Washington
learning mode students are often
of environ -- _
need to
removed from a group context, e.g.,
.ent
create apace
seminars. The value of "doing your
,,
,,
.ore pressure
.... ....
own thing" can come at the expense
harder to
on facilities
of not interacting with people (i.e. ,
harder to be
maintain seDlie
responsive
of co •• unity
in seminars and in a community).
to individuals
We support efforts toward providing
individualized study within a group.
Internships are a type of individuated learning that typically in- B. SOME FORM OF PUBLIC
is through public service. Students
corporate communal values_ Stu- SERVICE
will come to see themselves in new
dents go out into the community to
ways as members of the larger societest and apply what they have learnSome form of public service
ty. They will see how other people
ed. They learn the practical applica- should be required for graduation.
unlike themselves function in the
tions of "theory" in a professional Such a project mayor may not fit in"real world." This service could ensetting. Students benefit from these to every student's academic goals.
courage, if not ensure, respect for
experiences, and the community This service would be conducted the
cultural diversity. It could also enbenefits from the students' work.
same as internships, but all, not just
courage using the community as a
Narrative evaluations and evalua- some, students would do it . This
resource. but as we all know interaction conferences are usually thought could lead to budgetary problems.
tion between the community and
of as aspects of the student/faculty Much of what is done at Evergreen students is not always positive.
relationship. Actually, they have
much broader applications at
lin>C theilE'S !
activt"
Evergreen. The narrative evaluation
proble.s
learnin,
pract l e al
E'J.:perit'lI ce
and evaluation conference are used
by the faculty to evaluate themselves;
respect
for
in addition, they are used by the staff
prBctical ____-------,
culture)
in some areas. This evaluation proidealislll
diversity
cess is important because of our em"l1ight not fit
phasis on each individual's develop:
I budg e tary
into all
ment and on helping the individual
, prob 1 eas
o. a
students'
to articulate it and · thereby learn
l"el!5our c e
Beadeale loal s
communjl)'
from experience_ We think a critical
and stud e nt
appraisal of individual performance
int@rlH.: t lon i ,; not
is important, but that such appraisal
alwa y s po si tjve
is useful only if it includes selfreflection. Evaluation of students by
support. It would help students
faculty members, of faculty C. DEVELOP PACIFIC RIM
become aware of different cultures
STUDIES
members by peers and deans, and of
that the Northwest will be dealing
staff by supervisors need to be seen
In response to the increasing need with, thereby ~einforcing respect for
as frank and respectful dialogue.
for awareness of the interests of the cultural diversity. Pacific Rim
Evergreen's policy has been to
have a 20:1 across the board studen- Northwest. Evergreen should think studies could be an important inabout developing Pacific Rim novation, yet it might not be very into/ faculty ratio. Maintaining this
studies, at the same time eliminating tegrative with the rest of the curratio is important to realizing the
evaluation process. Distributing the an existing specialty area. These riculum. New faculty who specialize
number of students evenly among studies would help us serve some of in areas that relate to these studies
the needs of SW Washington. and would need to be hired_ Studying the
the faculty enables the faculty to be
responsive to students' needs_ Many contribute to the survival of (he col- Pacific Rim, an area vital to the Norpeople feel it is a policy which makes lege by relieving some legislative thwest's future trade and cultural acpressure while helping the college tivities , would complement students'
it possible to have narrative evaluagain
increased public acceptance and practical idealism.
tions , to meet students' needs and to
have functional seminars (i.e., not
interest
lncreas e d pUb]l (
too big).
of th e No..-thwer>1
acc e ptanc e eno supp o rt
The S&A Board allocation process
survlval
fosters cooperation over competii nnovat Ion
tion, enabling students to work
together to solve the problems of
d i ver s lty
realistlc / id e aJl s m----~
disbursing limited funds equitably.
The S&A process reflects the original
,
" s erv e needs of
n ot
governance notion of locatability
\ , SW Wash i ngton
lnt ~g r a t i v e
/
e li.inat ~ s
and accountability ill decision'new spec)sli ze d
ex u; t ine ar ea
making.
of study
fa c ult)
Our emphasis on cooperation over
dtdining
competition, on teaching people to
Pa cl flc Rill
participate fully in a community, on
studies
collaborative problem-solving and
on educating people to live in a
democracy are reasons why we sup- D. LARGE INTERDISCIPLInot just pieces of knowledge on the
port having all constituencies par- NARY LECTURE COURSES
side. These courses would support
ticipate on governance groups.
Large interdisciplinary lecture advanced studies by making certain
Governance issues affect all
courses might make good academic kinds of subject matter more
members of the college. The college's sense. Each large course would enroll available to more students . Large
policy of decision-making occurring approximately 50-60 students. They lecture courses would cut down on
at the level closest to those most af- would bolster full and part-time pro- faculty work load and be more costfected can only be realized if we con- grams by allowing students to take efficient. Large classes could be
tinue to provide constituency repre- a four-credit course that relates to viewed as settings for passive learnsentation on governance boards.
their program. They would also help ing and as incompatible with narintegrate the curriculum. Lecture rative evaluations of students'
II. SEVERAL
themes would be part of a whole and acade'mic development :

,

,

PROVOCATIVE
PROPOSALS

In this section we make several
proposals intended to provoke
discussion that should help us clarify
central values of the institution. We
ask you to consider these proposals ('_
carefully but to avoid getting hung
up on the details of anyone of them
to the exclusion of its main idea.
In the graphic display of values
related to each proposal, solid lines
indicate values supported by the proposal, while dotted lines indicate
values it may erode or infringe.

p arl o f

As si e i

ttl

rT f

E. QUARTERS TO SEMESTERS
Evergreen should switch from a
quarter system to a semester system
with either an inter-session or a
three-week reading period between
terms_ A semester system wQuld support full-time programs and encourage advanced studies. An intersession or reading period would support faculty research and 'creative
work and allow students to prepare
for the second semester.

,,

lower
frequency
of choic e - - ___ _
for students

stakes
ore
higher for
/
students

preparedness

F. REQUIRED THIRD-YEAR
ACADEMIC PLAN AND
GRADUATION PROJECT

c os t e ffi c i e nt

,

,,

I

pa • • iv e
le a rnin g

'
q ue s t i on of
,

n a rr a tiv e
e valuation s

,
" i nhibitB
h.ndB-on
kn o wleds e

,
J. ENROLL ONLY STUDENTS
DOING ADVANCED LEVEL
WORK IN INDIVIDUAL
CONTRACTS
Given the pressure that independent study puts on our limited faculty resources, and our belief in group
work. only advanced-level students
should be permitted to enroll in individual contracts. Students on individual contract should not be able
to enroll in three or four distinctly

advanced

work
c o.munity
s.ong
lear-ners

\------bl e nd of
theory
& practil: e
',selfdirected
learnIng

.... ...,

---

cultur a l d l vers i ty

cooperation over competition, (3)
and the obviously contradictory
values that are attached to athletics .
Some of the values that appear to
be in conflict are; (I) encouraging a
variety of learning modes and doing
only what we can do well, (2)
cooperation in a competitive experience, (3) the authority of the
coach, and the consensus decisionmaking process, and (4) the "right
student mix" at Evergreen and the
"jock" paranoia_

,,

cooperatlon over
c omp e t 1 t i on

coordinati o n
of s c urc e
faculty
e xp e rt i se

departEentallzati o n
i.prove c o nne c tion b e tween
cor e and advanced studies

N. THIS TRIAL BALLOON
RECOGNIZES A PROBLEM, BUT
WHAT RESPONSE TO IT IS
MOST APPROPRIATE. YOU
MAKE THE PROPOSAL AND
FILL IN THE BALLOON.
A review of faculty ages revealed
to us that the vast majority of our
faculty members are forty-five and
older, and almost none are younger
than thirty-five. At once, this indicates that in a very short span of
time this college will have to replace
a great number of its teachers. In addition, even now, people here have
less energy for work than they did
when they came-less creativity for

innovation, less willingness to do
outreach, less motivation to blend
theory and practice in their teaching.
Moreover, mature faculty members
feel torn between the demands of
their teaching and their interests in
research or creative wor k. At the
same time, all of us know that
despite our mandate to grow, we'll
not ever again be able to hire faculty members in the numbers that we
were in the first few years of the college's life. And there's less support
for leaves or special project work as
years go by. We need some imaginative proposals, some fresh
ideas. Any suggestions? Proposals?
Plans?

innovati o n

lea c hIng
over
research

advan c ed "" o rk

f-

llilited
leav e fund s- - - - -

collaboration
allong e xp (' rts

1
1

experiential
learning
doing only whet we
can do ' well

retention

th e "right fit"
wLthln th e ...
student body
-

cooperatl o n
- --OVer co.petition
develop open,
respOIISlve,
mutual , re s p ec t ful r-elatlonfi

personal
dev e lova e nt

rec o gnition of
individual's right
to choos e lifestylp.

,

respect for
individual diversity

H. FOSTER COMMUNITY
AMONG THE EVERGREEN
STAFF BY ORGANIZING IT
Foster community among the
Evergreen staff by organizing it into cooperative units that make their
own decisions, set their own procedures, and evaluate their own work
in consultation with their supervisors
and the people they serve .
Evergreen values personal

c onsensus
d ec is i on - - - - - - - -.....
.eking

helps
rotate
fo c ulty

outr e a c h
protra.s
,-

consensus
decislon - aaking.

en c ourages
a v ar-i c ty of
learning

Sf-I

d i ret t p d

study

supports proj e ct or
themE' work

G. FORMAL REVIEW OF
INTERCOLLEGIATE
ATHLETICS (TO EXPAND,
SUSTAIN, ABANDON,
OR MODIFY)
Evergreen's
intercollegiate
athletics program needs to be formally reviewed. There are several
reasons for this proposal; (1) the
Small College Goals Inventory's conclusion that athletics should decrease
in importance in the future, (2) the
institution's 3trong support of

and

....

c urri c ul ar
offering I'.

a c ad e aic
advis i ng
autual use
colJeg(' and
coa.unity
resour c es

responf;iv e nes s t o
individoals
interdis c.: i plina r y
study

/

j
!

f

I

i

l

cooperation

j

ael f ~-------directed
learning

""

reapon . lven
e ss
.
to individual .

fair and
responsible
adaini.tration

clerical help they have. As a result
of this understaffing, things we say
we value get done late, sometimes
poorly, and on occasion, not at all.
Wouldn't it make sense for the Provost/ Academic Vice President's job
to be divided in some way?
Shouldn't each dean have at least a
whole secretary? Don't our program
secretaries need more help (despite
the word processors that are "supposed" to be coming)? Are we willing to continue sacrificing efficiency and good will to our authority
hangups? Think about it.
he a lthy 80 c ial
J i f t.'

J o b rotation

shared
de ci si o n
.. aking

o a rrat lVP
f.> v a luallon

I

dev e lop probl e m - ~olving
abilities

development, self-directed learning,
self-evaluation, and consensus
decision-making. These values and
practices are far more common,
however, in Evergreen's academic
life, especially so in coordinated
studies program, than they are in the
lives of staff members. This proposal
suggests that staff working conditions be reconceived so as to embody
some of these communal values and
practices.

K. INCREASE THE NUMBER
OF PEOPLE IN THE ACADEMIC
ADMINISTRATIVE AND
SUPPORT STAFFS
. Regardless of how unpleasant it is
for some of us to acknowledge, the
fact seems to be that the academic
side of this college is seriously underadministered-there simply aren't
enough people doing the administrative and support jobs to get them
done well. That partly explains why
it's so hard for us to get people to
agree to be deans, why faculty
mem bers cling so desperately to the

f

..•

,

,

,
cos t 1 1 n ~ s s

--high e l f ac ull) /
stud e nt ra t I O

i~~ rea s e d bur e au c r a c y

\

\

fa c u l ty / staff r esi s tan cp.

L. ESTABLISH A CENTER
TO CONNECT PORTIONS OF
OUR CURRICULUM WITH
SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES
This trial balloon suggests a
method by which Evergreen can connect applied studies within its curriculum to community service and
assistance. It follows from many of
our expressed values concerned with
linking theory and practice, and involving students in applications of
their studies. The proposed center
should blend the functions of
teaching, research and service:
teaching that develops civic
.utual u s~ of colle&e - '
co •• unity reaourcea

understanding and sensitivity by
linking students and faculty with
community groups working on real
issues and problems; research that
involves faculty-student-community
teams in generating information
about and for communities in the
region; and service that not only
responds to regional needs, but also
engages students in collaboration
with individuals and groups in community contexts. This trial balloon
could establish one mechanism by
which Evergreen might address the
growing civic unconsciousness in
America.
link th e or y
with practic e

<

I!
1
I

.

separate courses or projects, but
should have reached a level at which
specialization and advanced independent work make sense for that student. By limiting a student's choice
in this way, we are promoting the
values inherent in full-time study,
such as fostering communily among
learners, colla bora Ii on among experts, and interdisciplinary study, all
values wh ich are difficult to adhere
to in independent study.

/'

op e n. reaponaibl e .
autu a l. reapectful
relat i on s

, ,

c ollaboration
among
experts

currlcular
offerIngs

' faculty
retTluni.ng

a c ade. i c:

efficiency
. tudent
L--_-----do i fig
inte ,rating

L-__- - I inking
theory
and
practICE'

work

respons i ve neliS lo
individuals

~-----------

"

develops abilities
in research

self-refIt-cliv e
learning

clearer course
for Bcede.ie advising

More coherence
for stude-nts

ex p e nSIve

Such values as; (I) developing
abilities in research, (2) being actively
involved in learning, (3) blending
theory and practice, (4) learning
centered in themes, problems and
projects, and (5) imaginative use of
college and community resources are
stressed in many of the documents
we studied.
Some of the results of this
proposal-requirements, a more
rigid curriculum, treating all students
alike, and restricting self-directed
learning-may be values that are in
direct conflict with other strongly
held values of the institution.

This proposal addresses some major concerns that have been mentioned on numerous occasions during the
Values and Aspirations subcommittee's work. Students have
said they find it very difficult to; (I)
track through the Evergreen
academic system, (2) find much continuity between CORE programs and
advanced work, and (3) gain enough
knowledge in one particular art'a of
interest.

For the faculty. it would mean better coordination of scarce expertise;
it would open up the faculty rotation; and decrease specialty area infighting by promoting cooperation
over competition; and it would give

rise to further innovation. It is' possible, however, that this idea could
lead to departmentalization in the
future.
For students, a more fluid faculty
rotation might pr;pmote cultural
literacy, improve the connection between core and advanced studies,
and, in general, give more coherence
to the curriculum.
And for Academic Advising, it
could provide a clearer path along
which to guide students.

promotp c ultural
litera c y

study
organ i z e d ________"\
around 8
probleJil

research
creative work

M. REPLACE THE PRESENT
'SPECIALTY AREAS WITH
LARGER AND BROADER
PLANNING UNITS WHILE
RETAINING THE CORE
CURRICUl.UM

inler-disciplinary
study

teeching /
.od e s
being dlfferent
from Ilalnstr e sil

a.ssist PT ;
e nabling
a dvan ce d
studi es

genetics to computer science.
I. DEVELOP A CURRICULUM
Evergreen seems well-placed to inIN THE THEORY AND
itiate such a program _since our
PRACTICE OF THE
physical resourq:li are newer than
COMMUNICATIONS FIELD
those at other colleges and univerBy organizing a curriculum . sities in the state, we can easily
around two or three themes, such as regroup faculty and support staff for
Studies in Communication, we could new ventures (we're not locked into
construct $everal coherent, clear departments), and we have already
pathways for students to follow from established a commitment to interentry to graduation. Emphasis could disciplinary study. Graduates of this
be on skill in the use of the curriculum would be well-versed in
technology. fundamentals of techni- many aspects of technology, would
que and theory, and putting the . have acquired several different
study in a social context. A broad modes of communication skills (verrange of disciplines could be spann- bal, visual, audio) and be grounded
ed, from fine arts to molecular in a liberal arts education.

support ful I ~
time prograa 6

ea Be workload for
advising, registrar,
program secretaries,
f ac ulty ( evaluat i ons, Btart-ups )
and students
& c ~demi c

survival

whol e

Although the change would lower
the frequency of choice somewhat
for students, it would, at the"same
time, lighten the workload for
Academic Advising. the office of
registration and records, and program secretaries. It would "also
substantially reduce the evaluation
workload for faculty and students.
Fewer points of formal evaluation
could be advantageous for some
students and disadvantageous for
others .

)

aupp o rtB
proj ec t or
th e . e wo r k
work

p r oa o tes c ivic
awarene • • end e dUcatIon
fo r de.o c racy

few f a c- ulty hires

and
pra c ti c e
I

long - te r .

6u cc eSSlon

III. ISSUES AND
PROBLEMS
During the past weeks of discussion and analysis, we have attempted to (I) define practices (procedures) at Evergreen that we are
reasonably sure we want to preserve,
such as written narrative evaluations;
(2) elucidate the values inherent in
those practices we want to preserve,
e.g., why we want to continue to do
narrative evaluations; (3) define
values and aspirations not directly
reflected in current practices but vital
to the Evergreen community. such as
fostering an understanding of diverse
cultures, (4) come up with specific
proposals for how Evergreen might
proceed to ensure that our values and
aspirations. are acted out and/or
achieved, such as the proposal to
change from the quarter system to
the semester system or registration,
and (5) define and describe the values
involved in our proposals for
change.
As discussion progressed, it
became apparent that there were certain topics for which we could not
possibly reach agreement in the time
allotted . We have relegated these
items to a category called "Issues
and Problems." Since, as a committee, we could not reach agreement
about these issues, we suspect that
the community as a whole is similarly
divided . We also believe that these
issues represent values in conflict,
discrepancies between what we say
and what we do, or just plain hard
questions whose connections with
particular ' values are hard to
determine .
The following list is not meant to
be exhaustive by any means. These
are issues we have identified in our
readings and discussions, or have
been pointed out to us by members
of the community, over the past
several weeks. Some of these issues
and problems are the subjects of the

"trial balloon' proposals presented
above.
1. Academic advising for students
is not adequate. How do we provide
better academic advising without adding to an already heavy faculty
load, and without incurring great
costs in a period of diminishing
resources?
2. The type of student we are
recruiting may not be right for the
Evergreen enviroment. What type of
student do we wish to recruit and attract to Evergreen? Is there a typical
student? How do we ensure that we
present an accurate picture of
Evergreen to prospective students?
3. Facilities for "hands-on " learning are diminishing. How committed are we to experiential learning?
How may we deploy our resources
so as to adequately support this
aspect 0 four curricul urn?
4. Our present academic schedule,
the quarter system, may not be the
most appropriate schedule for Ihe
Iype of study done at Evergreen.
Would a change to a semester system
allow for more in-depth study and
more faculty preparation time?
What are the institutional costs of
moving to a semester system?
S. Across-Ihe-board 20: 1 stu~ntlfaculty ratio may be Inhibiting
advanced study. Can we re-think our
student/faculty ratio distribution so
.that more faculty resources are
available for advanced studies or
other curricular offerings? Are there
creative alternatives to the standard
lecture, lab, workshop and seminar
structures as we currently use them?
6 . Most of the faculty are
"senior!' faculty. Does this fact raise
concerns about the diversity and
vitality of the faculty? What happens
when half retire at the same time?
Should faculty hiring policies be
changed to favor "junior" faculty?
7. While resources are sbrlukIng,
the lqlsIalure continues to demand
trowtb In studenl enrollment.

Subcommittee Reporl 11
Should some internal guidelines for
enrollment growth limits be
generated to ensure continued high
quality education in the "Evergreen
tradition"? How will growth to 4000
FTE affect our ability to adhere to
our values and '\Spirations?
8. The existence of inlercollegiate
atbletics appears 10 contradict the
value placed on cooperatIon over
competition. Can we find a way to
integrate intercollegiate athletic activities into our culture so that the
apparent conflict of values is lessened or eliminated? If not, how can we
ensure that student athletes may pursue their own educational and personal goals, a value that we seem to
hold high when applied to other cocurricular activities?
9. Principles of equality and
mutual responsibility are not applied
to classIfied staff In the same way
they are applied 10 faculty, exempt
staff and students. In a state
bureaucracy and a union shop how
can Evergreen creatively address this
issue without violating the law? Can
we justify asking staff to participate
and cooperate in institutional processes at an equal level with faculty
and students, when staff are not extended the same degree of flexibility
or the same privileges?
10. There is concern that the
Disappearing Task Force (DTF) has
lost its vitalily and efficacy as a consultative decision-making process.
Have DTF's turned into handpicked committees that serve as rubberstamp mechanisms for administrators? Have they, at other times, consulted so broadly and un selectively
that they simply confuse and delay
resolution of important issues? Is the
selection process for DTF's, as it is
currently defined, a valid mechanism
for ensuring fair consultation by
students, faculty and staff?
11. "Accountability, locatability
and continuity," a phrase found in
many of Evergreen's founding
documents-are those guiding principles still in effect today, or bave
they been lost in the shufne? How
do we ensure that our administrative
practices reflect a commitment to
these goals? Are these still vital
values for the Evergreen community? When decisions are made, how
can we find out by whom they were
made and why?
12. The curriculum, at times, appears to be fragmenled, overly
specialized in some areas, and lacking clear, Interdisciplinary, curricular
pathways. Is it possible to create and
maintain a coherent, robust curriculum while, at the same time, ensuring that faculty and students have
an integral role in constructing
specific course and program offerings? Should we be concerned about
having clearly identified curricular
pathways? How do we ensure that
we have sllfficient faculty resources
to maintain our curricul urn as conceived? Is it important the curriculum be coherent or only that the
student's educational experience be
coherent and good? Is there a connection between the structure of the
curriculum and the quality of a student's academic experience?
13. Credil-generating instruction
funded out of academic support innates the unit cost figures for
academic support staff and puIs
pressure on staff in those areas to accommodate higher enrollment when
additional funding dollars are provided to hire additional faculty
members. Should staff who are
primarily involved in creditgenerating work be paid out of the
faculty salary pool? Should we shift
those instructional duties to members
of the faculty, freeing staff for
academic support work? What happens when faculty don't want to
teach a particular ' subject that has
been built into the curriculum?
14. Evergreen fosters selfdirection, self-molivalion, and selfreliance In stlldents, and 'an Ideal of
"aggressively pursuing wbat you
- want to learn," wbich, when viewed as a cullural bias, sometimes, connicts with values such as rerognltion
of eacb Individual's right to choose
a lifestyle, respect for significant elifferences, egalitarIanIsm, and
cooperation over competition. How
can we provide flexible, responsive
structures that also ensure fair ann

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