The Paper, Volume 1, Number 11 (April 14, 1972)

Item

Title

Eng The Paper, Volume 1, Number 11 (April 14, 1972)

Description

Eng Page 1: 'Naissance' fair - April 21;
Page 1: (Photograph) in this Issue... [Vietnam];
Page 1: DTF on Cars;
Page 2: Part One: America's Role in Indochina: The Failure of Containment;
Page 3: 1st Viet War: Prelude to U.S.;
Page 3: (Cartoon) Big Fish Eating Little Fish Gets its Tonge Bitten;
Page 3: (advertisement) Hendrick's Rexall Drugs;
Page 4: Viewpoint: Organizations at Evergreen?;
Page 4: Volunteers to Establish Goodwill;
Page 4: Staff Credits;
Page 4: Consumer Protection Collecting Complaints;
Page 5: Diem's Reign of Terror;
Page 5: War Spreads to Laos, Cambodia;
Page 6: (Photograph) College Recreation Center (CRC) Building Under Construction;
Page 6: CPA "walk in";
Page 6: Evergreen Environment;
Page 6: WashPIRG;
Page 6: (advertisement) Capital Theater & Olympia Theater;
Page 6: (advertisement) Miller's department store;
Page 6: (advertisement) Peterson's Foodtown;
Page 6: (advertisement) 107 Tavern;
Page 6: (advertisement) South Sound National Bank;
Page 7: Evergreen Women set 'Phases of Eve';
Page 7: Photo Darkroom Opens Soon;
Page 7: 'Oracle' Calls for Artistry;
Page 7: Passport Service;
Page 7: Anthology is Free;
Page 7: Summer Internships;
Page 7: (advertisement) Sea Mart Shopping Center;
Page 7: (advertisement) Westside Speed Wash;
Page 7: Unclassified;
Page 7: (advertisement) The Music Bar;
Page 8: 'No Villages, No Guerrilas, Simple'

Identifier

Eng cpj0013.pdf

Creator

Eng Emery Les

Contributor

Eng Miller, Michael

Eng Ness, Chriss

Eng Campo, Joe

Eng Brockmann, Bruce

Eng Vermeire, Jerry

Eng Pagel, it

Eng Leahy, Lester L

Eng Balsey, Ken

Eng Stephens, Charles

Eng Turnage, Bob

Extent

Eng 8 pages

Format

Eng application/PDF

Is Part Of

Eng The Cooper Point Journal

Language

Eng eng

Publisher

Eng The Evergreen State College Board of Publications and members of the Evergreen community

Rights

Eng http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Source

Eng US-WaOE.A.1973-01

Spatial Coverage

Eng Vietnam: Indochina

Eng The Evergreen State College

Eng City Of Olympia

Eng Southeast Asia

Eng Eastern Europe

Eng Greece

Eng Turky

Eng Korea

Eng cuba

Eng Indonesia

Eng Africa

Eng Latin America

Eng Soviet Union

Eng France

Eng Cochin China

Eng Annam

Eng Tonkin, Vietnam

Eng Laos

Eng Cambodia

Eng Siagon

Eng Japan

Eng Haiphong

Eng Russia

Eng Geneve, Switzerland

Eng Manila

Eng Pakistan

Eng Thailand

Eng Phillipines

Eng Britain

Eng australia

Eng New Zealand

Eng Gulf Of Tonkin

Eng Pentagon

Eng Khmer Empire

Eng Oregon

Eng Barnical Bay Road

Eng My Lai

Subject

Eng Volunteer--Washington (State)

Eng WashPIRG

Eng American Involvment In Vietnam

Eng Teaching

Eng French Colonialism

Eng Donohue, Ken

Eng Jones, Richard M. (Richard Matthew), 1925-1994

Eng Sogge, Ralph

Eng Teske, Charles

Eng Parry, Becki

Eng Kenworthy, Bill

Eng Steilberg, Pete

Eng Hefferman, Charlie

Eng Oppenheimer, Marty

Eng Parker, Sharon

Eng Truman, Harry

Eng McCann, Charles

Eng Goldingay, Roger

Eng Stalin, Joseph

Eng Ho Chi Minh

Eng Bao, Dai

Eng Acheson, Dean

Eng Eisenhower, Dwight D.

Eng Dulles, John Foster

Eng Ngo Diem

Eng Mansfeild, Mike

Eng Spellman, Cardinal

Eng Nixion, Richard M.

Eng Shyre, Paul

Eng Dos Passos, John

Eng Shakespeare, William

Eng Gorton, Slade

Eng Nguyen Cao Ky

Eng Alsop, Joseph

Eng Johnson Lyndon B.

Eng Thant, U

Eng Decornoy, Jaques

Eng Prince, Souphanouvong

Eng Souvanna Phouma

Eng Dommen, Arthur

Eng Sihanouk, Norodom

Eng Nol, Lon

Eng Wiederman, Al

Eng Clark, Ron

Eng Shoben, Joe

Eng Bowen, Angela

Eng Dexter, Mary

Eng Tabor, Aisela

Eng Aiken, Mary

Eng Larsen, Pat

Eng Nisbet, Sandy

Eng Allen, Nancy

Eng Pattersin Lynn

Eng Jones, Richard

Eng Alvarez, Bonnie

Eng Kaufmann, Connie

Eng Saunderson, Debbie

Eng Pailthorp, Michelle

Eng Hirzel, Woody

Eng Pugh, Pete

Eng Arguelles, Jose

Eng Thompson, Carrilu

Eng Wittmayer, John Glade

Eng Cameron, Jim

Eng Swift, Ned

Eng Sinclair, Pete

Eng Horn, Bruce

Eng Smith, Steve

Eng Kahn, Doug

Eng Storseth, Mark

Eng Groves, Dave

Eng Wallczak

Eng Ryals, Sharon

Eng Moffatt, Timothy M.

Eng Anderson, Tom

Eng Lux, Susan

Eng Hall, Carolyn

Eng Pappe, Nani

Eng Hartung, John David

Eng Hoopes, Townsend

Eng Kennedy, Ted

Eng Liberation News Services .

Eng The Evergreen State College

Eng The Paper

Eng Olumpia Schiil District

Eng City Of Olympia

Eng Westside Shopping Center

Eng Anerican Government

Eng McCarthy, Joseph

Eng Viet Ming

Eng the League for Independence of Vietnam

Eng Democratic Republic Of Vietnam

Eng The Central Intelligence Agency

Eng South East Asian Treaty Orginization (SEATO)

Eng Hendricks Rexall Drugs

Eng Asphodel Fields Theater People

Eng Bard College

Eng Consumer Protection Agency

Eng National Libhberation Front of Vietnam

Eng Brenner Oyster Company

Eng Cooper Point Association

Eng Petersons Foodtown

Eng Millers Department Store

Eng Capitol Theatre

Eng Olympis Theater

Eng 107 Tavern

Eng South Sound National Bank

Eng Womens Art Coopertave of Seattle

Eng Washingtion State Council for Women

Eng University of Washingtion

Eng United States Post Office

Eng Sea Mart shoping Senter

Eng The Music Bar

Eng Westside Speed Wash

Temporal Coverage

Eng World War I / 1972

Type

Eng text

Eng images

extracted text

'Naissance' fair
"Naissance'" rather than
"renaissance" fair should be
Evergreen's theme for next week's
Inauguration and Dedication Day
ceremonies, according to
academic dean Charles Teske.
The birth of TESC will
formally be noted throughout the
day Friday, April 21, from 11
a.m. A fair atmosphere will be
evident everywhere, with balloon
se II ers carnival-sized tents and
even the possibility of a large
band playing throughout the
afternoon's free lunch.
With just a week before the
gala--and fun, even--celebration,
Teske called for the assistance
"even now" of every Evergreen
man, woman and staff. ''We want
to get everyone involved," he
enthused.
Those with good ideas for
customing, music and even items
which cost money--his
contingency fund still
lives--should contact him in the
ncademic deans· area, Library
first . floor.

VOLUME 1, NUMBER 11

In addition, he is collecting .desserts for the complimentary
through program coordinators all community meal. A variety of
interested Evergreen "established entertainment, set by Pete
pioneers" for the enjoyable duty Steilberg of Recreation and
as welcoming guides of "softening Campus Activities, will extend
the blow of our visitors' through the meal until 2 p.m.
Among the other afternoon
arrivals--for the first few
activities,
members of the
moments, anyway." Assistance
may take the form of a casual rap Evergreen Environment will take
on how Evergreen has fared all interested visitors on tours of
through its first seven months of TESC's n a t u r a l
tot a I existence--or just giving environment--what's left of 990
directions to the nearest rest acres.
Costumes for the festivities,
room.
while not "pushed", are being
More than 300 pounds of encouraged. "We want to
salmon provide quite an attraction represent participation in the
for the day's free community meshing of traditional with
meal. They will be joined by the modern," Teske observed.
home-made bread of student Members of ''The Paper" had
bakers (who said that Evergreen planned to cover the event as gaily
was too pie-in-the-sky?), led by garbed minstrels of Shakespeare's
Becki Parry of Individual in time, but they were unable to
America. Bill Kenworthy of Food locate any typewriters on which
Services will add potato salad, they could strum tunes.
Teske sees the ceremonies, to
punch and coffee.
Hopefully, Teske added, inaugurate Dr. Charles McCann as
still-to-be-chosen entire programs Evergreen's first president and to
will bane: together to provide dedicate the already battlt-scarred

THE EVERGREEN STATE COLLEGE

- April
school, as "just short enough to
keep 'em laughing." He saw in the
day's fete a real opportunity "to
meet those (visitors--not
Evergreeners today!) with doubts,
but willing to see this place for
which they are responsible."
Evergreen intends, according
to the dean, to give them "the
truth, tempered by a good
time--we plan to have our visitors
actually enjoy themselves." If
successful, Teske'~ dream .will
make academic 6iste>ry.•as the first
dedi cation and/or inauguration
that left people smiling.
While most all of the
Evergreen community has already
become involved in planning for
the gala event, Teske still intendes
to ferret out the one or two
stragglers. He would like to see 30
or 40 stand by from noon
Thursday to the very end of the
long day--"for whatever need
arises," Teske added.
This time the finger can't be
pointed at Communications and
Intelligence, as Ralph Sogge is

coordinating a joint
program-Library Media coverage
effort. Other representative
program members involved
include Charlie Hefferman of
Human Development, Marty
Oppenheimer of Man and Art,
Roger Goldingay of Human
Behavior, and Contracted Study's
Sharon Parker.
Inauguration and Dedication
Day, Teske observed, gives
Evergreeners and members of the
state responsible for its existence
"a real opportunity to come
together" that hasn't yet been
offered to merely all of the TESC
community. ''This can be a
re-affirmation," and a needed one,
for all college "pioneers" and
those who must continue to
provide support of TESC
concepts, he noted.
But, in the same vein, he
added that we "must not try to
produce a misleading display 'just
for visitors', because we have so
much naturally to offer" the day's
visitors--as well as ourselves.

OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON 98505

In this issue • • •

21

APRIL 14, 1972

DTF on cars

i

r

I

,.

~.

'

...........

The DTF on alternative
transportation has been busily
collecting names of people who
claim they would pay $3.50 for
the rest of the quarter in support
of a bus from Evergreen to
Olympia.
At a meeting April 6 with
representatives from Olympia
school district, city of Olympia,
and regional planning, it was
decided that there is enough
support at Evergreen for
a Iter native transportation to
schedule a bus five days a week
three times a day. Roughly
estimated times that the bus will
be running are 8:30 a.m. from
downtown Olympia, (probably
from 4th & Capitol), to the loop
in front of the library. It will
then run back downtown. (Route
bus will follow has not been
determined.) A bus will leave
Westside shopping center at
12:00 or 12:30 and run to the
parking lot behind the dorms,
and then back to the Westside.
The last bus leaves 4th and
Capitol at 3:30 and goes back to
Evergreen and back to 4th and
Capitol.
This is scheduled to begin

-'' .

'-...~

This is the first of.a ~wo-pa"! pr~sentation. on, Vie~nam by The Paper. This week, a three-part
coverage of Amenca s role m V1etnam, D1em s re1gn of terror and The Vietnam War: prelude
to U. S. involvement.

.Wednesday. By then, definite
scheduling will be announced.
This is the best that can possibly
be done at this time, and is due

to the cooperation of Olympia
school district and Olympia
transit. The costs and methods of
ticketing rider~ are still being
worked out, but we hope that
everyone will support the bus in
order that even more efficient
mass transit systems can be
worked out for the future .
The DTF feels that a mass
transportation system is
important to help students
without cars avoid the feelings of
being stranded on campus, and to
discourage students from bringing
cars in the future. Whether we
support mass transit and its
ecological advantages will depend
upon where we place our
priorities; do we want to
continue to pay for parking
tickets and support the further
construction of parking lots for
the convenience of cars? The
convenience of cars over using
mass transit is not as great as
would be assumed; buses are
definitely less expensive than the
costs of operating a car and
parking, and they can be made to
be move convenient if given
enough support. If Evergreen
starts now to discourage the use
of automobiles and working out
of a mass transit system, there is
still hope for preventing this
college from being surrounded by
miles of pavement.

Part one

A111erica's ·role in Indochina
The failure of containment

J

1MUS I

;jJ.

Three weeks ago the U.S. U.S. involvemer.t in Indochina
government broke off the Paris including the effects of this war
peace talks accusing the on the peoples of Indochina.
communists of not "seriously Second we well explore what lies
negotiating," because they refuse ahead for U.S. foreign policy in
to compromise the rights of the Southeast Asia.
peoples of Indochina.
On Monday, April 17, a
This week the U.S. meeting has been called on the
government began re-escalating third floor lobby at 3 p.m. to
the war, sending two more aircraft discuss possible symbolic antiwar
carriers and resuming the bombing actions at the official opening of
of the north.
the college, in conjunction with
The Paper in a two part series the mass protests planned
will first investigate the -causes for worldwide on April22.

..

and
In 1947 President Harry applied to justify American republican government
Truman set forth American intervention (in Greece, Turkey, attempts to present them as a
foreign . policy in the Truman Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Indonesia, model for the rest of the world,
Doctrine predicated on the Africa, and Latin America, all of imposing them on other countries
containment of communist which can be shown to be by force, if necessary. not for
aggression, which underlies our completely divorced from their gain but for the security of
the U.S. Paradoxically, the U.S.
foreign policy for the last 25 Stalinist influence.)
government has become what it
years. This policy has been the
This policy contains two fatal
basis and justification for flaws. First, it assumes that the was seeking to prevent the Soviets
America's participation in the primary threat to the "free from, the world aggressor. Along
Cold War, as well as for the U.S. world" is communist/ military with this is the major problem of
government to assume the role of aggression fomented by the American foreign policy, which is
world police in "maintaining the Soviet Union. This is, of course, a its failure to interpret the
balance of power" in favor of the misinterpretation of Marxism, the significance of historical events.
Western capitalist states and their basis of communist philosophy. This is obvious to Indochina.
neo-colonial empires.
Marxist dogma preaches that
American foreign policy in
The document was supposedly capitalism will crumble from its Indochina has been based on the
drawn in response to "Stalin and own inherent contradictions, and defeat of the Vietnamese and the
The
his servile communist minions" not from the prescription of imposition of a colony~
who were pressing to gain control physical destruction by the economic wealth of the area has
of Eastern Europe after World communist state, as the American been an issue that has longer been
War II. It viewed "the ability to policy assumes. It can also be played down in America's role in
wage aggressive warfare in any argued that Soviet military power Indochina. In fact, it has been a
area of the world (as) the ultimate was severely weakened by World prime factor in American
goal of Soviet military policy," War II and was in no way capable intervention starting with Dulles,
and as the primary threat "to the of sustained military aggression who recognized the wealth in
security of all democratic for years. At any rate, through natural resources and the large
countries." It concluded that the this misinterpretation American supply of cheap labor. In order to
"United States should maintain government was able to justify control this wealth, the U.S.
military forces powerful enough build up of the largest military government, has tried to establish
to restrain the Soviet Union and force in history, including a neo-colonial state in the south.
to confine Soviet influence to its production of nuclear and This attitude fails to recognize the
present area."
biological weapons. Through use desires of the Vietnamese people
For the next 25 years, of Cold War propaganda, the as expressed in their history of
wherever there was a threat to a government was able to convince struggle against colonial power. In
status quo government or where its people of a communist threat its drive to eliminate communist
revolutionary activity started, it and conduct a purge of liberal influence and establish control,
was explained by the U.S. influences during the McCarthy the U.S. government is pursuing a
government as "Soviet aggression period.
military policy of genocide of
designed by St~~~m~·~·~
an~d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~----HIIM~~~
Truman doctrrn was t en rap y

Conflict rooted in colonialism
and a consolidation of power.
Roots of the present
They divided the country into
Vietnamese struggle can be traced
three regions, Cochin China
to the 75 year period of French
(Mekong delta), Annam (central
colonial rule of Indochina. The
region) and Tonkin (northern
French arrived in the 19th
Vietnam). They also controlled
century to find an agrarian
Laos and Cambodia. The French
society, regulated according to
the customs within the confines attempted to break down
nationalism of the Vietnamese by
of the village, the basic unit of
Vietnamese society. The village teaching French and European
history and culture. By
was self-directed usually
promoting regional differences
characterized by a local elite
exploiting the peasants, avoiding they kept the population fighting
extremes of poverty and wealth. among themselves. All real
power, economic and political,
Education was widespread and
ownership of the land was was in their hands. This system
enables them to extract great
dispersed throughout a majority
of the people, often communally. amounts of wealth from the
resources and the people with
Villages fit into the national
little effective resistence.
scene by providing men for the
Life for the Vietnamese
military, paying taxes, and
peasant under French colonialism
conducting public works jobs.
The French found this was miserable. The pattern of
land distribution changed. Well
decentralized society unsuited for
their needs and set about to over half the land was controlled
remodel it in a more European by less than 10 percent of the
fashion with emphasis on the population most of whom were
cities as the center of political, loyal to the French. The
economic and cultural life. This landowners turned the peasants
often met with resistance by the into penniless tenants and
population and violence was exploited them for their labor.
widespread until the French were The French built more prisons
able to "secure" Indochina in the than schools.
1890's. Even still, opposition
arose constantly and the French Viet Minh organize
In the late 1920's the
swiftly and violently put it down.
The Frencb model· for ruling communists began organizing
local opposition groups. They
thtt lndpctlin(lse was basically
fragmentati~ 'o f the population . concluded that the p(illlsants

would fight for their
independence from the French if
it was connected with reforms
they desperately needed. They
spoke of lowering taxes,
redistribution of the land,
medical care, workers u~ions and
better education. In this contest
they felt nationalism would
generate support for
overthrowing the French.
With the beginning of World
War II the Japanese occupied
Indochina, and imposed harsh
rule on the people through the
French bureaucrats. In response,
the Vietnamese nationalist
movement organized its various
factions in 1941 in a united front
against the Japanese. Called the
League for the Independence of
Vietnam, and with Ho Chi Minh
as its head, they established a
base of operations in the
mountain highlands of
present-day North Vietnam. The
Viet Minh, as they were called by
Westerners, conducted
intelligence work for the United
States against the Japanese during
the way. Because the Japanese
were seriously preoccupied with
the war, they did not take time
to organize the security forces
equal to those of the French. The
Viet ~inh seized on this and
began guerrilla tactics, capturing
Japanese outposts and securing

arms from abandoned French
army bases and American
airdrops. In mid -1945, the Viet
Minh had taken control of several
northern provinces. The Japanese
abolished the French run
government and imposed Bao Dai
as a puppet emperor ruling
Indochina through him.

DVR independence
In August Japan surrendered
and the Viet Minh marched into
Hanoi. They established the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
with Ho as their leader and
claimed jurisdiction in Saigon.
Two weeks later, Ho stood betore
a cheering nation and read the
Vietnamese Declaration of

But the unified, independent
nation lasted only a few months.
After the war the Allied powers
agreed to arrange the surrender of
Japan in Indochina. British
troops were dispatched to the
area, and along with Chiang's
Nationalist forces in the north
they systematically sought to
enable the French to return to
colonial power. Saigon fell to the
French in a coup d'etat only
three weeks after it had been
!iterated by the Vietnamese. Ho
Chi Minh desperately tried to
keep Vietnam independent. He
signed an agreement with the
French granting independence
within the framework of a
French Union. It soon became
obvious that France was not
going to observe this agreement.

Independence, which was
patterned after American's
Ho was finally asked to
declaration.
surrender.
He refused and called
In the next few months the
the
people
of Vietnam to defend
DVR government conducted
their
republic
and appealed to the
swift reform programs to relieve
people
of
the
world for peace
the suffering of the peasants.
based
on
the
agreement with
They redistributed the land held
France.
by F ranch co II aborating
No one replied. Late in
landowners. By requisitioning
1946 French ships bombed the
untilled land they were able to
Vietnamese sections of
wipe out widespread famine
Haiphong
. Six thousand civilians
within six months. They set up
were killed.
new schools, reduced the working
day to eight hours, lowered taxes,
The Viet Minh attempted to
nationalized public utilities, regroup their guerrilla forces, but
helped the workers organize labor they were poorly· armed and ill
unions and released political prepared for the threedecadesof
prisoners.
war that lay ahead of them.
PAGE TWO The Evergreen State College THE PAPER April14, 1972

1st Viet War: prelude to U.S.
The pattern of war emerged
quickly. The French with
superior arms and military
organization controlled the cities.
They reinstituted their colonial
policies of exploitation. The Viet
Minh adopted the strategy of
extreme mobility, engaging the
French only when theodds were
in their (the Viet Minh's) favor.
Because the Vietnamese were not
willing to give up the freedom
and reforms they had just
recently received, the Viet Minh
got support from the villages. The
focus of power began to change.
The cities, the hub of the
Indochinese society under the
French rule gained a peripheral
existence. Power returned to the
villages where the majority of
Vietnamese lived.
Where the Viet Minh went
they continued the reforms they
had started earlier, promoting
agrarian and educational reforms,
new healthy measures, new
political organizations. In return
the villagers supplied the
guerrillas with food, hiding
places, information on French
operations, and sons and
daughter to join their ranks. The
Viet Minh developed that form of
revolutionary struggle known as
the people's war.
The French could move
anywhere in the country as long
as they had sufficient military
force to clear the way, but as
soon as they left, control of the
area returned immediately to the
people.
The Viet Minh's only weapons
were either crudely made or
those seized from the French and
Japanese before the war had
begun. They set up crude
factories in the forests to not
only produce weapons-:small
arms, bazookas and grenades--but
also for industrial production of
metals, supplies and medical
equipment.

that this recognition "should
remove any illusions as to the
'Nationalist' nature of Ho Chi
Minh's aims and reveals Ho in his
true colors as the mortal enemy
of native independence in
Indochina." Truman swiftly
recognized the Bao Dai regime,
re-installed by the French as head
of "independent" Vietnam.
Vietnam's fate was sealed. The
U.S. government, after which the
Viet Minh had patterned their
independence, was now their
enemy.
In 1950 the National Security
Council issued a statement, now
called the domino theory, which
in effect said that if communist
aggression was not stopped in
Indochina it would engulf all of
Asia. The assumptions behind
this statement were never
questioned by the government.
American aid to the French
began in 1950 and in 1954 it
reached $1 .1 billion or 78 per
cent of the French war burden.
Meanwhile, the French
military position against the
guerrillas was rapidly
deteriorating. The Viet Minh
were now receiving guns and aid
from China and Russia. They
were well armed and enjoyed
support from 80 per cent of the
population, according to the CIA,
which had been operating in
Indochina since 1950.

French surrender

authority to intervene in
Indochina."

Diem installed

delegates had made clear even
before the convention started
that they would be opposed to
any settlement that would give
independence to a united
Vietnam. John Foster Dulles,
delegate for the U.S., Secretary
of State and chief designer of
American anti-communist policy
in Indochina, stated from the
beginning a settlement that in
any way favored the communists
would be unacceptable to the

thing was to "prevent the loss of
northern Vietnam from leading
to the extension of communism
throughout South East Asia."
The United States had no
intention of observing the Geneva
settlement, and in fact set about
to promote its rapid decay. The
irony is obvious. The American
government often justified its
military operation in Vietnam by
saying that north Vietnam is not
following the agreements made in

While the Geneva conference
was still In session the U.S.
government took steps to ensure
that its own nominee was
appointed as the head of
government in the south,
replacing the old Bao Dai regime.
Dulles told the French that if
they wished to retain any
influence in Indochina they must
order Bao Dai to appoint Ngo
Dinh Diem as Prime Minister.
Diem was a member of the
Vietnamese aristocracy and a
devout Catholic. During the Viet
Minh uprisings he voiced strong
opposition to both the French
colonialists and the communists.
Soon after wards he retired from
public office. He traveled to
France and the United States,
where he gained the admiration
of U.S. officials. Look magazine
wrote of Diem in 1964:
Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles picked him, Sen.'·
Mike Mansfield endorsed him, ·
Francis Cardinal Spellman praised
him, Vice President Richard M.
Nixon liked him, and President
Dwight D. Eisenhower O.K.'d
him.
Soon after Geneva, Diem
returned to Vietnam and
conducted a plebiscite election to
prove his popularity among the
people of the south to the
American government. He
rejected the suggestion from
American advisors that he settle

The conventional military
tactics of the French were not
designed for use against a -..L.t.~M"'""IIQI~...a~a_-.•••'-"'""'ill~~ ~~..,._,....,~~~ftl"'~ ~~--~llfli.fiiM• .-."~
instead made sure he got over 98
people's war. The French people
Pressured by the Soviets and
Although America did not
per cent, including 605,025 votes
Chinese to end the deadlocked
accept the settlement, they
were pressing the government to
from a selective 450,000 voters in
end its protected involvement.
talks, the DVR put forward a
promised not to attack north
Saigon. America proclaimed
Early in 1954 the French
proposal with major concessions.
Vietnam, but "we would support
Diem the choice of the people of
They offered to agree to a
a South Vietnamese government
government made a desparate
"Free Vietnam" and pledged $2
appeal to the U.S. for major naval
temporary separation of the
that we hoped would provide a
billion worth of equipment and
country into two zones--north
stable, independent government
and air support. The u.s. planned
advisors to fight "communist
a joint, U.S.-Britain-French
and south, accepting control over
that was representative of the
people."
aggression
." Looking back, one
assault. Britain refused, but the
only the northern half. This
can only wor.der at the blindness
U.S. government, according to
provision was to a II ow
A second violation of the
of the American leaders who
regroupment of French and Viet
Geneva accords by the U.S. came
the Pentagon Papers was in the
could bring them-~elves to believe
processes of granting that
Minh forces pending the
a month after the conference.
Containment applied support. President Eisenhower arrangement of the next President Eisenhower authorized that
a wealthy, absentee
Between 1945-46 according had commissioned the Defense
aristocrat, an ex-member of the
provision, national elections.
the deployment of a paramilitary
to Pentagon sources, Ho Chi Dept. to draw up a time table for
French colonial administration,
These concessions were made
team composed of former CIA
Minh wrote at least eight letters U.S. intervention.
only on very clearly defined
agents from the Southeast Asian
could impose his rule on the
to President Truman asking for
Before plans for u.s.
conditions:
area to Indochina. They were to
Vietnamese people without
aid against the oppressive French
intervention could be finalized,
1. That administrative
conduct psychological warfare arousing enormous public
government. Truman never the French surrendered to the
separation of north and south at
and sabotage missions against the opposition.
replied to any of the appeals. The
Vietnamese after a bloody battle
the 17th parallel was provisional
north Vietnamese government.
The Pentagon Papers reveal
U.S. government was not willing at Dien Bien Phu. French
andwasinnowaytobeconstued
These operations were made
that, from the first, the American
to support the resumption of influence in Indochina was over.
as a permanent division of
known to the American people
intelligence community in
French colonialism but neither The people of Vietnam were once
Vietnam.
bY the publication of the
Indochina was opposed to the
was it ready to send aid to a again in control of their country.
2. That elections would be
Pentagon Papers.
selection of Diem as head of
communist nationalist
south Vietnam. They demanded
held within two years to assure
Dulles's SEATO
A date was set for a conference at
government, despite the fact that
that if Diem was to remain in
Geneva, Switzerland to negotiate
the unification of the country.
A month after Geneva, Dulles
the communists had support of
power he would have to be
the final settlement.
3. That neither zone would
convened a conference in Manila
three quarters of the people.
meanwhile make international
backed by as much American aid
more to his liking. At this
In the late 1940's President Geneva conference alliances or receive military help
and equipment as was possible.
conference SEATO was formed, a
Truman set forth his
from the outside.
Nine representatives
mutual defense pact signed by
anti-communist doctrine of
HENDRICKS REXALL DRUiS
All these points were accepted
assembled at Geneva in June,
only
three Asian countries,
containment in response to (or as
by the representatives at the
1954 to settle the political
Pakistan, Thailand and Phillipines
the cause of) Stalinist aggression
conference
with the exception of
problems in Vietnam resulting
in
addition to Britain, Australia,
ap.n s - t o..,. A Week
in Eastern Europe. In 1949 the
from French colonial rule: the the United states and the
France,
New Zealand, and the
communist party took control of
Prescriptions
so-called Bao Dai regime. The
Democratic Republic of Vietnam,
U.S. Protection of the pact was
China and ousted Chiang
Postal Suktation
Cambodia, Laos, The People's DVR had made major
unilaterally
extended by the U.S.
Kai-shek and the nationalists,
Hdrnmk GreetiDI Cants
Republic of China, the Soviet concessions, but was confident
to Cambodia, Laos, and South
American anti-communist policy
au.ll
Stover Chocolates
that
with
the
elections
to
be
held,
Union, France, Great Britain, the
Vietnam. It was Dulles's answer
hardened and the importance of
by
1956
their
country
would
be
Complete
Drua Store Serric:e
United States, and the "State of
to Geneva and reflected his
Indochina to U.S. security
11m*
c.ds
Boaored
Vietnam" (the Bao Dai regime). reunified, as they were supported
committrnent to permanently
interests was taken for granted.
by
a
vast
majority
of
the
people.
These diametrically opposed
separate Vietnam. The pact was
Both Russia and China
forces with deeply conflicting Two days after the conference
weak and did not commit
recognized the OVA as the
objectives faced each other at the Dulles declared that the only
signatories
to military action.
legitimate government
good aspect of these agreements
conference table.
Du lies explained its purpose:
was that it "advanced the
The first month of the
Shortly thereaft-,r , Secretary
.,SEATO's principal purpose w.s
independent status of South
conference
was
hopelessly
stalled
of State, Dean Ache.l9n
replied
to
provide. our president leAII
·,.
Phone·IIH071
Vletrwn'; and thlt the Important
· on formalities. The Am.-ican
';~ ·.
.t,
The E-.wt sr.te Col.... THE PAPER April14. 1972 PAGE THREE
./

........

·

......

..

t

VIEWPOINT
Organizations
at Evergreen?
ByLES EMERY
Early in the year, considerable interest
was expressed in having theater at
Evergreen. Even lack of facilities did not
appear too great a deterent.
To demonstrate that, those of us who
were most interested organized the
production of four short one-acts, which
were presented December 14. We had little
difficulty enlisting assistance of all kinds in
putting on that performance; actors and
stage personnel were easy to find.
On the basis of that and the surprisingly
large audience, more than 300 people,
those of us interested in directing and
designing, put together the Asphodel Fields
Theater People. This was to be an
organization designed to facilitate theater
work here at Evergreen. Organizers
concerned ourselves with getting a budget
for AFTP. We were under the impression
then:: was enough interest tude <:~t l~c::.t tvv•)
or three more productions of some form
during the rest of the year.
AFTP was occupied with budget
hassles, due to certain difficulties in
student fees allocation, until early
February. Then we decided to do two
one-octs for presentation around March 10.
At that point we were already
somewhat apprehensive. Up to the end of
the first quarter, our meetings had been
very well attended; after that, we r.ar,..el Q.Q.t
more than five people to show. More than
50 pen;ons were on file as being interested
in Theater work, a good many of them
actors, but they did not show themselves.
When we had the tryouts for

"Dutchman" and "Melodrama" we had but
one male actor. AFTP could drum up no
more, with everyone too busy or previously
committed. We did have a sufficient supply
of females, though not overwhelming, and
to them we are deeply grateful.
As a result of that situation, we even
searched frantically for a play with an
all-woman cast small enough for us to
handle; but time ran out on us.
At first, we attributed this difficulty to
lack of communication . We figured that
AFTP was not getting out information on
tryouts soon enough. Perhaps also, our play
choice was not appealing to some people.
But, as no one came to our meetings
with ideas on what they would like, we
went ahead to try again. Some cuttings
from Shakespeare's history plays, which
required mostly men, seemed reasonable.
And, lo and behold, there were several
male actors at the tryouts, not as many as
needed, but all people who had not been at
other tryouts. With a great deal of
searching and bush beating, we found
enough actors to do what was necessary,
although we had to double up on some
parts.
We were pledged to another production
for this year, however. AFTP was forced,
because of time, to hold auditions for it
before the Shakespeare was finished. The
play we chose was U.S.A. by Paul Shyre
and John Dos Passos.
Again we had a few women but only
two rnen at the tryouts, which were held
three nights running. Thus, we have been
forced to drop this production, which IS
unfortunate, not only because we sa1d we
would do two this spring, but also a
considerable amount of work has already
been done, including preparation of thA
media portion of the play.
We, the organizers of AFTP, are. quite
confused and very disappointed. We have
done a lot of work trying to make a go of
theater here with obviously poor results.
There is a feeling among us that perhaps
the academic structure of Evergreen, if I

may use such a term, is not compatable
with theater, at least not as we know it.
People seem to be too involved in their
own personal work to give interest or time
to theater, although they appear to be
involved in other things even more time
consuming. We only ask a couple hours a
day for five days a week in our rehearsal
schedules.
It is interesting to note that many
colleges the size of Evergreen can produce
several plays a year; some, like Bard, do
one a month. Perhaps theater cannot
survive without an actual department. But
that was just why we set up AFTP and got
it budgeted, in order to serve the necessary
functions of a theater department as it
exists in most schools.
We are very confused, and do not really
understand where or why we have failed.
But at the moment it appears that, after the
Shakespeare, we should give up and return
the remaining money.
However, if some people should come
to us in the immediate future, like next
week, and express interest in doing some
acting, particularly men, we might still
keep our pledge of two productions.
I wonder if th1s 1s a lesson, or perhaps
an example which demonstrates that
theater, and even other things reqUiring
commitment and inflexible scheduling, w1ll
have a touch time surv1ving under
Evergreen's present structure. Anyone with
thoughts on th1s should stop by 3214A
Library for a rap. We should l1ke to hear
them, for we really have tr1ed, <md really
do not understand what the difficulty IS.
Those of us who will be here 11ext yeJr
would like to know how we m1ght better
handle the situat1on. This is particularly
1mportant to us because the school has
purchased over $7,500 worth of lighting
equipment ana CIYit:t::U lV '-Vl rv"'' l
hall into a theater.
AFTP has purchased catalogs and tools
to make sets with. We fear that if more
interest is not shown this year, it will be
hard to get a budget for next year.

Volunteers to establish goodwill
communities time to know one · of community relations,
another, they continued, so that, particularly consumer affairs.
through the summer and into next
Attorney General Gorton will
year, the foundations of good will
start off with the announcement
would be established.
of the newly established consumer
Volunteer workers in the protection office, set up by
campus consumer protection student interns under the
agency have invited state guidance of his office. He is
Attorney General Slade Gorton to expected to emphasize how . this
week.
speak to Evergreeners and office can serve both Evergreen
To bridge this artificial prominent Olympian business and Olympia residents.
boundary, they fe1t that new leaders and merchants Tuesday,
He should also explain how
involvements and exchanges April 18 at 7:30 p.m. The object this office can be a useful tool in
should take place, even this late in of this presentation will be to establishing goodwill between
the year. This would give the
create or add goodwill in the area TESC and the Olympia business
merchants and residents.
Some students have expressed
Working Members of The Paper Co-operative
the concern that they are being
courted only for their money by
Michael Miller
Bruce Brockmann
some business merchants, and the
Chris Ness
Jerry Vermeire
whole topic of consumer affairs
Joe Campo
Kit Pagel
between the two communities
Lester L. Leahy
.leaves
something to be desired.
Staff
Volunteers of Evergreen's
Consumer Protection Agency
want to show TESC support and
goodwill to the members of the
Olympia community. They feel
unneeded alienation between
Olympia and Evergreen
community members apparently
has existed at times, they ~id this

Ken Balsley, Charles Stevens, Bob Turnage
The Paper is published weekly as a co-operative effort for the
students, faculty and staff of The Ev~rgreen State CoUege, Olympia,
Washington 98505. Editorial comment contained herein does not
1:ecessarily represent the views of the "TESC community but rather
those of the individual author. Advertising material presented herein
does not necessarily imply endorsement by this newspaper.
Newspaper offices are located in 3217A TESC Ubrary, C3IDJ!US
extension 3189, unrestricted telephone 753-3186.
PAGE FOUR The Evergreen State College THE PAPER April14, 1972

Those who hold this feeling
will have a chance to voice their
opinions after Gorton's 15 or
20-minute talk. Business members
of the community have expressed
a forthright interest in hearing
what students have to say.
Evergreen community
members, the agency
recommended, should do their
part on a continuing basis.

Support local businesses. The
small enterprises in an
nonindustrial town provide the
economic basis for community
affairs.
Develop a better business
bureau, and provide necessary
information, so that honest, fair,
and helpful businesses are
patronized by use of Evergreen
Consumer Protection Agency's
referral files.
By inviting prominent business
members of the surrounding
community to hear Gorton and at
the same time have the students
of Evergreen present, agency

volunteers expect that the hopes
will be demonstrated for human
relations, good community
building and individual
participation in the community
activities Olympia. TESC
c o m m u n it y
members, b y
participating in this forum
Tuesday, Apr i 1 18, will be
showing their willingness to
dispense with petty
discriminations against
''red necks" or "capitalists
rip-offs" and deal with the real
people who are not Evergreens
neighbors.
All Evergreeners are invited to
attend.

Consumer protection
collecting complaints
Evergreen's Consumer
Protection Agency located in
3217A Library, is trying to collect
residents' complaints that have
been floating around school
concerning hassles with campus
housing.
Agency volunteers encourage
all concerned to report their
gripes about TESC housing or

housing administration to the
office, so that they may try to
improve the situation.
On-campus residents, and all
other Evergreen community
members with consumer
protection complaints should
contact the office at campus ,
extension (753) 3187.
'il,.

J

Diem's reign of terror
The reign of terror on the
Vietnamese people by the Diem
regime is well documented. His
government and advisors
consisted almost entirely of close
relatives. Since he did not have
the backing of the people, most
of his support came from
remaining colonial despots, the
Catholic missionaries of the
French era and their following,
and a few anti-communist
bureaucrats.
In 1955 with the help of the
American paramilitary
organization and the CIA he
conducted a massive propaganda
campaign against the northern
government. Using such
scare-tactic slogan as "The Virgin
Mary has left the North," "Christ
has gone South," and others,
Diem was able to frighten the
Catholic population in the north
that the Ho government would
conduct reprisals against them. In
an effort coordinted through his
brother, who was head of the
Catholic church, 600,000
Catholics fled to the south along
with some 200,000 agents who
had worked against the
communists in the war with
France.
This operation served two
major purposes. 1. It tripled the
Catholic population in the south
and consequently Diem's
support. In coming south the
Catholic were rootless exiles and
were completely dependent upon
Diem, as he was on their support.
The Catholicc; were settled In the
two regions where Diem needed
control, around Saigon and in the
northern provinces. 2. It was used
as propaganda to muster

American support for south
Vietnam on the logic that if so
many people would flee from the
north, their government must be
extremely unpopular.

EIechons sa otage

thrown into prison without
appeal or trial. In 1958
roundups
of "dissidents"
were systematically conducted.
In 1959 Diem passed a law under
which military tribunals were set
up to conduct on-the-spot trials

As the time for elections
approached in 1956, Ho Chi
Minh attempted to contact the
Diem government to set the
conditions for the elections
procedures. Encouraged by
American advisors to ignore the
Geneva accords, because neither
the U.S. or South Vietnam had
signed them, Diem refused to

of suspected dissidents. These
tribunals could only hand out
two sentences under the law,
death or life, imprisonment. In
1960 a military coup d'etat was
attempted, but failed. Diem
purged the army and executed
thousands of civilians and herded
t h o u sa n d s m o r e i n to
concentration camps.

•

b

· d

Up until the VfllfV
U.S. gov•nment irwisted the war
must be carried on against the
end U.S. officials praised Diem
northern communists. The
for his ''humanitarian " efforts to
Where its territory was secure, · decision to escalate the war was
r•ched by President Johnson in
land reform measures were
the
summer of 1965. The
instituted. They built schools,
Pentagon
Paper reveal the
started a banking and postal and
bombing missions over the north
built a political organization.
began soon after this decision.
N LF resistance severely
threatened the U.S. position in
In response to the bombings
Vietnam. Because the deposed
and covert military actions by the
Saigon regime was totally
U.S. in the north and in Laos, the
dependent on the U.S., south
north Vietnamese supposedly
Vietnam as an anti-communist launched an attack on the
government was in "grave danger American destroyer Maddox in
of economic and political the Gulf of Tonkin. There is still
collapse."
question about whether this
By 1965 seven military
attack really occurred or whether
leader.s had come into power and
it was fabricated by the U.S.
had been deposed as the U.S.
government to justify the
searched for a man who could
escalation of the war. At any
re-establish control in Saigon.
rate, President Johnson used this
General Nguyen Cao Ky was the
"incident" to establish that the
next. His command lasted longer
communists were taking an
than most and the U.S. chose him
aggressive military stance, and
as the new viable head of the
received approval from Congress
south. By now the situation in
to send over 500,000 American
south Vietnam was rapidly
troops to Vietnam, at a cost of
disintegrating, 30 percent of the billions since 1965.
government troops had deserted,
From this point, the U.S.
the black market and extortion military under the command of
reached an all time high. Joseph both President Johnson and
Alsop wrote, "if stern measures Nixon proceed to conduct what
are not taken pretty soon ...the former Secretary General of the
United States is almost certainly U.S. U Thant called, "One of the
doomed to suffer the greatest most barbarous wars in the.
defeat in American history." The history of man."

hold the elections. His excuse was
NLF organizes
that the communist in the north
would refuse to "allow each
In response to Diem, an
Vietnamese citizen to exercise opposition group formed,
democratic liberties and composed of Viet Minh cadres
fundamental rights of man." who remained in the south after
Diem recognized, as did the division of the country,
Eisenhower of course, that if
prominent Vietnamese citizens,
elections were held the
communists, socialists, liberals,
communists w o u 1d win
mountain tribe, students and
overwhelmingly. Ho continued
peasants, call the National
his appeals, calling for
Liberation Front of South
intern at ion a II y super vi sed
Vietnam (N LF). Their agents,
elections and establishment of
known to the West as Vietcong,
trade between the north and
organized guerrilla actions against
south. Diem ignored them. The
the U.S. supported Diem regime.
people of Vietnam were again
The CIA, every year after the
betrayed. The third provision of appointment of Diem, warned
the accords was broken by the U. the U.S. government that his
S. imposed regime in the south.
policies were extremely
The northern government used
unpopular with the Vietnamese
the time between 1956 and 1963 people and that if he remained in ·
to strengthen internally and
power a revolution would
continue social reforms. They certainly be organized against
established strong relationships him.
with Ru&&ia and .ChiAB:--_ _...:.__ _..,..,...'!t"!~'IMIMii""M'-"'IM"'..-.iiili
Dissent against Diem grew in
realized
the south. Opposition was met
withdrew support for Diem in
with swift repression. Anyone
1963. He was immediately
who spoke out against Diem was
assassinated in a military coup.

*
"Phased withdrawal:"

!~w~~=d:wi:~mt&~l~~
e

La OS I Cam b 0 d I a
An historical discussion of
Indochina must also include the
"elements" of Laos and
Cambodia. These two small
countries which border Vietnam,
were also under the control of
the French colonialist until they
received 'independence' with the
settlement at Geneva.
The French, according to
Jaques Decornoy in Laos: the
Forgotten war, viewed their
interests in Laos as secondary to
the richness of Vietnam.
Although, they instituted the
same exploitative colonial rule in
Laos, resistance to the French
Wcls limited to a small group of
Lao nationals. After the war
started with Vietnam the French
could not afford a second front
in Laos, so the nationals were
offered a degree of
"independence" within the
framework of a French Union.
Laos was converted to a staging
ground for the training of French
troops to be used in Vietnam.
They recruited large numbers of
Laotian tribesmen into the
French colonial army.
The Lao nationalists, who had
been in exile in Thailand since
World War II, accepted this
arrangement and returned to take

up positions in the government,
with one exception, Prince
Souphanouvong, a dissident
member of the royal Laotian
family. During the war he
traveled throughout Indochina
and was impressed with the
revolutionary ideology of the
Viet Minh and their program of
resistance to the French. When
his brothers, noteably Souvanna
Phouma, returned to the Lao
capital in Vientiane,
Souphaouvong went into the hills
in northern Laos and with the
help of the Viet Minh established
the revolutionary Pathet Lao
organization to throw the French
out of Laos. By 1954 the Pathet
Lao controlled more than half of
rural Laos and at Geneva were
given two northeastern provinces
as r egroupment zones, as
reported by Arthur Dommen in
Conflict in Laos.
1n the early 1950's the
situation in Laos was similar to
that in Vietnam, a small elite of
aristocrats supported by the
French and Americans, exploiting
the peasants.
Through covert U.S.
military operations, threat of
suspension
of
American
aid, initiation of a rightist coup,

subversion" of the government.
With the help of the American
military and the CIA, the rightist
Royal Laotian military was built
to enormous size.
In 1964 after an agreement
against foreign intervention in
Laos was signed and the Pathet
Lao took positions in the
government, an American
supported coup assassinated
several leftist members of the
coalition government and
imprisoned the "neutralist." Its
existence threatened, the Pathet
Lao took up arms again in the
northeast. This was labeled by
U.S. government officials
"renewed communist
aggression." The Royal Laotian
government virtually gave up
trying to regulate its own
resources, abandoning taxes, and
become totally dependent on
American aid and imports.
The United States, now taking
on an increasing military role in
Vietnam, started using Laos as a
military training and CIA base. In
1964 before the Gulf of Tonkin
incident, American planes began
bombing north Vietnamese
supply trails througout Laos.
Referred to by officials as
"unarmed reconnaisance flights"
these planes have inflicted the
heaviest per square mile bombing
in history, according to Pentagon

~
s u s p e c t e d P a t h e t Lao
strongholds, forcing the peasants
to live in caves or to be relocated
to refugee camps.
These operations have,
needless to say, turned the Laos
people against America. Their
country turned to
waste land
and under constant threat of
bombings, the Pathet Lao now
control as much as two thirds of
the country, according to
Decornoy.

a

Cambodia

Cambodian people were spared
the ravages of war which weighed
so heavily on their neighbors in
Laos and Vi.e tnam. Prince
Sihanouk's sucs:.ess in keeping
from his country, for sixteen
years, a war which surrounded it
on every side was a remarkable
accomplishment.
With the removal of Prince
Sihanouk in the spring of 1970,
through an American supported
coup, and the subsequent

decision by the new head of
state, Lon Nol, to confront the
Since the demise of the
N LF and North Vietnamese,
Khmer Empire, Cambodia has
Cambodia's neutrality was
been the victim not only of her
shattered. The military leaders of
territorially ambitious neighbors,
both the United States and South
Vietnam and Thailand, but more
Vietnam, who had long
recently of France, and now the
complained bitterly about
United States. Following World
"Cambodian sanctuaries," seized
War II, Cambodia's military
on Lon Nol's announced intent
weakness was demonstrated by
to drive out the Vietnamese, (a
Thailand's seizure of her western traditional enemy of Cambodia)
provinces. These were returned
as the pretext for the invasion
only because of pressure applied they had long advocated. Since
by the French and Americans. the Campaign began, Cambodia
Consistent with her non-military
has been transformed from a
tendencies, Cambodia,under picturesque tourist country of
Prince Norodom Sihanouk, pleasant villages and aneient
pursued a policy of precarious pagodas, into helpless victims of
neutralism characterized by the Vietnamese war with a half
diplomatic maneuvering with the million refugees and an economy
Chinese and the U.S. and
almost totally dependent upon
accommodation rather than
U.S. aid. Cambodia, like Laos
military confrontation. finds its future irrevocably linked
Cambodian territory along the to a solution of the war in
eastern frontier has been used by
Vietnam.
The Evergreen State College THE PAPER April14, 1972 PAGE FIVE

Evergreen
Environment
Cooperative note: This is one of a
series of articles AI Wiedeman has
written on The Evergreen
Environment.

CPA ''walk-in''
A temporary monument of
trash will be built to dramatize
the concern for open spaces an
and the need for a clean trail
system on the peninsula. That's
the planned finale for the April
16, tomorrow, Cooper Point
Association ''Walk-ln." Besides
making a mock garbage shrine,
the walkers will hopefully arouse
public interest in their fight
against the LITTERal destruction
of the beauty of Cooper Point.
The attack on empty beer
cans, pop bottles, old
newspapers, etc. will be launched

•

. ".._.

•

iHEATIU

'

-

IN OLYMPIA

'

.. 357 7161.

THROUGH TUESDAY:
"Gone with the
Wind"--STARTS
WEDNESDAY: ••20CH: A
Space Odyssey"
,

.

at 10 a.m. from Ron Clark's
home on Huckleberry Lane, and
will end at Manzaila Beach, right
off Barnacle Bay Road. Unlike
the last CPA "walk-in," the route
will be much shorter and coffee
will be served at the destination.
If you're going, be sure to
bring a trash sack, a sack lunch,
friends, relatives, your dog, cat,
and/or goat.

Has anyone noticed the great
number of tiny, two-leaved
seedlings coming up in great
profusion along the roadways,
sidewalks and trails on campus?
Ever wonder what they are? And
how big they will get? Or how
many will survive? Well, they are
seedlings of the big leaf maple,
the tree that is just now spilling
out its pendulous masses of green
flowers. To answer the other
questions, one of the Evergreen
Environment students has
initiated a studv of maple
seedling growth and survival, and
should have an interesting report
by the end of the quarter.
This is just one example of
the many interesting research and
study activities concerned with
Evergreen's natural environment.
In one workshop, students are
systematically exploring the
campus to inventory plant species
(and learn much about botany
and plant ecology in the process).

WashPIRG
WashPIRG petition drive is
underway! But more support is
needed from each program and
eontractld students. Petetrons are
located in the Information Center
of the Library. A meeting to
discuss further petitioning will be

held Monday April 17, at 1 2
noon, a $3.00 contribution from
each person will help in paying
research and possible ligation
costs involved in problem-solving
in Olympia and the Evergreen
community.

next few years. Next the oeoou(:ICI
... I
Probably the most ded
group are those who arise
enough to be walking around
fields and woods just
sunrise. Their task (and pleasu
is to determine something
the kinds of birds and \IUR1horfnuul

Another group is active on the
college's tidelands. They are
working on an extensive survey
of the animal life, trying to
establish "what is there" before
any time of intensive human
activity is begun. This work will
be extremely valuable for future
reference. Snails, worms,
mussells, crabs, barnacles and
clae:ns are a few of the various
forms of life teeming in this
muddy habitat. Plans are also
underway for the
re-establishment of the Pacific
oyster. When part of the Brenner
Oyster Company, the college
tidelands were covered with these
unique animals. A local grower
has offered enough oyster spat to
make possible the establishment
of some experimental plots which
will be studied intensively in the

times, there is a sort of specia
satisfaction in being out early
watching the awakening
another day. On a recent mnrnu1n
these birdwatchers saw,
others, song sparrows,
juncos, a rufus hummingbird,
downy woodpecker, a
crowned kinglet, a rufus
towhee and two beautiful,
stallar jays.
Regardless o~ their
interests, the individuals of
various groups are
more and more aware of the
diversity of life on our IOillnnpl.lllil
Learning about these forms
life and their interrelationships
a basic step toward a
understanding of
environment of man and his
In it.

PETERSONS ·

WESTSIDE CENTER "Q"
OLYMPIA. WASIIIHGTOK

, Telepb.Oae S52-4-

PETERSON'S FOODTOWN

.,.. . THEATRE

LC

I n the past week they have
noticed the sprouting of
horsetails along the roadsides, the
leafing out and flowering of red
huckleberry, the peculiar,
hard-to-find flowers of wild
ginger, the pollen cones of Pacific
yew, the flower buds of madrone,
and many others.

IN OLYMPIA

i57 3422

THROUGH SATURDAY:
••willard" and •vrales from
the Crypt"- SUN, TUES &
THURS: "On Any
Sunday''--WEDNESDAY:
Seattle Symphony Orchestra

DEPARTMENT STORE with hundreds of gifts!
520 South Capitol Way
at Legion Way, 352-7662

Monday-saturday 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Open Friday evenings to 9 p.m.

Center has been welcoming
the Evergreen State College

107

students, faculty and staH

TAVERN
BEER
WINE
POOl

In the Westside Shopping

from the beginning and will
Hot Popcorn
Machine

continue to welcome you to

Good Music
_Latest LP
System

our complete Food Center.

(Rather than
jukebox)
Pool

We· think you're GREAT I

Pinball
Machines
Sandwiches

Open

Refreshments

DAILY
SUNDAY

l07 N. Capitol Way
Olympia, Wa.

Now Would Be Tim11 to Open Your New Account

SOUTH SOUND NATIONAL- BANK

PAGE SIX TheE~ sa.te Col.... THE PAPER April14, 1972

9 Lm. to 9 p.m.

10 Lm. to 7 p.m.

Evergreen women set 'Phases of Eve'
Women's work will be
shoptalk during the weekend of
May 7·8 at Evergreen. "Phases of
Eve," a conference on women
supported by the Women's
Commission of Evergreen will
attract people from the Olympia
community as well as elsewhere
in the state. The conference
originated with a group of
concerned women from the
community and from Evergreen ..
students, staff, and faculty .. who
hope that such a venture will
build communication between
Evergreen and some of the
various communities which affect
it. Funding for this event was
obtained through the offices of
Vice President Joe Shoben,
though the event largely will be
subsidized by donations of time
and energy by the many helpers
who are making this conference a
reality. Childcare will be provided
at a nominal cost to enable all to
attend.
Registration will take place on

'Oracle' calls
for artistry
Evergreen community
members within the Man and Art
Coordinated Study program still
. have "The Oracle" on their
minds. An Evergreen literary
magazine with this title is their
intent, and they are soliciting
contributions from .all
Evergreeners.
Due

As a result of a cooperative
effort between technical staff,
faculty and students a new
photographic darkroom has
opened on campus. The lab is
located in Building 211 next to
the security/facility planning
building.
Woody Hirzel, photo-media
specialist for the library, made
the announcement last Friday.
Hirzel said, ''This lab, which has
taken three months to build, will
provide good photographic

"Frost Anthology," a
multi-program compedium of
poetry collected from the works
of literary artists at Evergreen,

nears publication and distribution
throughout the college and
Olympia communities. Free
copies of the anthology may be
obtained the last week in April
from TESC's bookstore and
Library.
In add it ion, a table for
distribution of the collected
works will be set up in the
Library Building lobby.
While the anthology will be
complementary for members of
the Evergreen community, those
from outside the school wishing
copies will be charged a minimal
amount.
All money collected from sale
of the booklet will be returned to
the school, "in the hope that
other anthologies may blossom in
the future," according to John

The United States Post2l
Service is now accepting
a;Jplications for passports at
the Olympia Post Office.
The new service started
April 3 and is offered by the
new Postal Service System.

facilities for the entire Evergreen
community." The lab will be
open from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m.
seven days a week. A darkroom
supervisor will be on hand at
those times to answer any
questions and offer advice and
technical assistance.
The lab will be self
supporting, according to Hirzel.
The equipment has been loaned
by Library Media Services but
users will have to reimburse the

Anthology

30 are

Passport service

Woman's Film," will begin
Sunday. A Reader's Theatre and
panels on "Femininity and
Mental Health," "Aging Women"
and 'Women in Politics" will
follow. Negotiations are in
process to bring the Women's Art
Cooperative of Seattle to
Evergreen for this event.
Among the people who will
participate are Dr. Angela Bowen,
M.D. (Olympia); Dr. Mary Dexter
(Olympia Mental Health Center);
Gisela Tabor (Executive Director

•

IS

free

Glade Witt mayer of the
Individual in America
Coordinated Study Program.
Witt m a yer. afte1 'Obtl'ffnfrlg
$850 from the Services and
Activities Fees Hearing Board for
the project, obtained poetry
submissions from Jim Cameron,
Ned Swift, Pete Sinclair and
Bruce Horn, all Individual in
America; Steve Smith, Doug
Kahn, Mark Storseth, Jose
Arguelles, Dave Groves, Political
Ecology; Donna Walczak, Sharon
Ryals, Man and Art; and Timothy
L. Moffatt, Environmental
Design.
Artwork was provided by
Tom Anderson, Susan Lux,
Carolyn Hall and Nani Pappe.
Those interested in further
information should contact
Wittmayer through the Individual
in America program office,
2214A Library, campus
extension (753) 3951.

Westside Speed Wash
1214 WEST HARRISON

OPEN 8 AM to

14 Ib. wash ....... 30~

Unclassified
HORSE FOR SALE: 3/4
Thoroughbred, $125. Call 491·51871
after 4:30p.m., ask for Sandy.
FOR SALE, '67 Suzuki about $125,
needs new rings or something,
Johnathan and Ruthle, Rt. 11, Box
280 Mix Rd., neighbors phone
943·5162.
FOR SALE, Old royal electric
typewriter, all capital typeset, $50,
-Patty Allen, Cnsl. office, 3238.
FOR SALE, A green Schwinn
varsity, 10-speed In good condition,
somewhere around $70, call
753-4700.

of the Washington State Council
for Women); a representative for
the Wash. State Human Rights
At:Jeooy, sex and age division;
Mary Aiken (Women's Studies
UW); Pat Larsen, and Sandy
Nisbet. Among the faculty
participating in the conference
wiJI be Nancy Allen, Lynn
Patterson, Richard Jones, and
future faculty member, Bonnie
Alvarez. Negotiations are in
progress with a number of other
speakers, both local and from

areas in Washington and Oregon.
Students will participate in
various panels and in the readers
theatre.
Contributions of time, energy,
and Potluck Supper are still
needed. For more information,
contact (during the day) Connie
Kaufmann in the Library, Debbie
Saunderson · Chang (evenings
only) 943-5683, Michelle
Pailthorp, 943-7246, or stop by
the Women's Center in Library
3225A.

Photo darkroom opens soon

"anything in the way of poetry,
songs, stories, photographs,
paintings and drawings,"
according to Man and Art
magazine organizers. Works may
be turned in to the MA program
office, 2214A Library, or to Jose
Arguelles' office.
Further information is
available from Arguelles, campus
extension (753) 3965, or Carrilu
Thompson, (753) 2625.

by

April

Saturday morning. Workshops
and panels will follow: "Women's
Study Programs"; "Living with
Emancipation .. Alternative Life
Styles": "A Room of One's Own;
Androgenous Literature for
Women, Children & Men"; and
"Women in the Professions." A
collage theatre will grace lunch,
and the film "Taste of Homey"
will be viewed after a potluck
dinner.
Two films, "Six Become One;
Growing Up Female" and "The

10 PM

Dry ......... 10~

Space below donated for personal ads for the Evergreen
Student Community by Westside Speed Wash.

WANTEO BOOKS, Inmates at
McNeil Is. would really
appreciate books of 111 sorts,
drop them by the MECHA office,
(Man & Art).
WANTED BOOKS, Have any
books to rid yourself of, give
them to the Third Eye, kids there
want to read, contact Joan
753·7082.
HELP WANTED, need structural
engineer who cooperate with
building a dome, contact John
David Hartung, C & I, home
943-8893.

lab for chemicals and furnish
their own paper.
Two students responsible for
the idea and most of the
darkroom construction, Pete
Pugh and Marty Oppenheimer
have announced that a voluntary
student organization named ''The
211 Darkroom Conspiracy" has
been formed to purchase
chemicals and papers for the
users. ''The spring quarter fee will
be five dollars, or 50 cents per
use," Oppenheimer commented.
He also added that a portion of
the initial fee may be refunded at
the end of the quarter.

the series will be repeated,
according to Pugh.
Monday's workshop beginning
at 10 a.m. and another at 7 p.m.
will be an introduction to the
camera and darkroom
procedures. Film developing witl
be discussed at the workshops onApril 21 and 24 , Printing on
April 26 and 28, Photograms on
May 1 and 3 ., and Montage
and Collage on May 5 and 8. All
workshops will be held in the
new darkroom facility.
Interested students may sign
up for these sessions in Building
211.

Summer
Internships

In conjunction with the
opening of the new darkroom in
Building 211, Pete Pugh and
Marty Oppenheimer have
informed us that t
il
hoi 1ng works ops 1n . intern~i~s 'llre"'i:~fifr oUt a
photography which wi II be open student request card in the office
to all Evergreeners.
of cooperative education by April
The series of four workshops 24, according to Ken Donohue.
beginning today will offer the
The cards may be obtained in
Evergreen community the chance the co-op office. Donohue noted
to acquaint themselves with that if students have previously
varied photographic techniques. requested a summer internship to
The workshops are limited to five contact the co-op office for an
students and if interest is shown appointment at this time.

Open 7 Days A Yieek ·
·--

/--1

SEA MART
SttOPPING- ..,.r..- --"-"'·soo Capitol
~ .

Way, Oly~pia
''-

_.._....._, ._}..,__

Complete Selection of
Contemporary & Classical
Records & Tapes
Stereo Equipment
Amplifer, Speaker Components

FOR SALE, B flat clarinet, Contact
Cathl Carr, Mod 303A, phone 5770.
SIGHT POINT INSTITUTE IS an
experimental summertime community
of scholars which Is being set up by a
group of Reed College students. It will
be located on a farm on the cost of
Nova scotia, and In essence will be a
small community of no more than
twenty-five students who have gotten
together to live In the country and
study with one another during the
summer In 1 free and Informal
atmosphere. If you are Interested In
coming, write to Alan Walworth, Box
1156, Reed College, Portland, Oregon

117 South Sound Center"011 Till' .lfall"
Olympia,Wn.98501
491-2922

The Ev•grMn State COllege .THE PAPER April14, 1972 PAGE.SEVEN

..
contain thousands of pellets or
jagged pieces of metal that
explode over a wide area (about
the size of a normal village).
These fragments are all but
impossible to remove from the
body without inflicting serious
injury. New developments
include use of plastic fragments
which cannot be detected even
by x-ray. These bombs terrorize
as effectively as they kill, leaving
several people in a village in
extreme suffering. After months
of agony the wounded villagers
usually die from inadequate
health facilities.
Gaseous bombs are primarily
used to flush guerrillas out of
hiding so they can be killed by
ground troops or another kind of
bomb. These gaseous chemicals
are similar to those used on
America American college
students and against blacks and
Chicanos in American ghettos,
only they are more potent.

~

'No villages, no

guerrillas, simple'

An important part of the
counterinsurgency warfare is
defoliation and crop destruction.
By using chemical defoliants in
huge quanities, ground cover for
guerrilla activity is eliminated as
well as farm crops that can be
used as food. In 1970 an article
in Science magazine, it was
estimated that as much as half of
the arable land in Vietnam had
been rendered useless because of
chemical defoliants. Further, the
ecological effects this had on the
animal life were said to be
incalculable, as well as problems
with erosion. Orians and Pfeiffer,
the scientist who conducted this
investigation said that the

conventional warfare, according
Since the beginning of the war
In order to begin to
with France, the communists
to reports. One reason: the
understand the effects the
have had the popular support of
guerilla support has been
an overwhelming majority of the
savagery of the U.S. has had on
eliminated with the destruction
the people of Indochina, one
people. Indeed, their military
most of the villages, a success for
strategy in fighting the French
the U.S. and a disaster lor the
must see the conflict against the
Vietnamese.
backdrop American racism. For
and Americans relies on that
U.S. ground troops to commit
support of the people. To be such
A quick glance at U.S.
an effective force against the
weaponry can also give some
atrocities such as those at My Lai,
to set up freefire zones and to
military might of two of the insight to the effects of the war
conduct the science of
world's greatest powers, the on the people. Up until about
eauutea irt~t~l'!lerte)', tl'le "enerrtftt- ~errillas had to be extremely t968 the U.S. ground troops k i lied may never recover.
i n V i e t n am had to be
mobile, receiving all their needs conducted what was catted
Chemical defoliation has
dehumanized. Military training
(except weapons) from the "search and destroy." This was
decreased since 1968, but much
proceeded by saturation bombing
indoctrinates soldiers to think of
villagers.
of the land in the south may be
the Vietnamese as subhuman
They established a network of of "enemy" targets (villages) with
virtually useless for decades.
gooks, dinks, slant-eyes,
friendly villageswheretheywere huge conventional bombs that
Although the U.S. government
commies, so that killing,
fed, hidden, given information not only leveled the village, but
has come under attack for the use
torturing, and mutilating these
and in return they continued also any underground tunnels
of these weapons, and tactics
people could be done in a much
their reforms where possible, that could be hiding communist
because they violate Geneva and
more efficient manner. By
setting up schools and hospitals, guerri lias and supplies. The
U.N. agreements on war crimes
dehumanizing the Vietnamese
helping thA villaaers in their daily ground troops then moved in and
and
use of chemicals in wafare,
chores.
So to eliminate the "secured" the "hamlets" by
people, the U.S. government has
their
use continues.
communists, Vietnamese villages, searching through the rubble for
been able to justify the actions of
its overall military policy of . their crops, livestock and their anything that might have been
Economically, Indochina is a
counterinsurgency, and as
people had to be eliminated missed by the bombs. This
disaster,
even though it is one of
Secretary of the Air Force
according to American policy. As method was often extremely
the
richest
areas of the world in
Townsend Hoopes put it, "carryone general succictly put it: "No exasperating for American troops
natural
resources.
Until U.S.
this strategic logic to the final
villages, no guerrillas, simple."
who confronted any Vietnamese
intervention
the
Indochinese
were
conclusion, which is genocide."
Those people who were not peasants because of the language
exporters
of
agricultural
American intentions in
killed or seriously injured, were barrier so it was much easier to
products, primarily of rice.
Vietnam are clear. The long term
relocated to government kill the survivors than to take
Agricultural
production, now has
objectives are twofold: first to
controlled areas. This was called them prisoner. Indeed, several
almost
ceased
and these countries
eliminate communist influence in
pacification and it so brutalized books prove that this type of
must
import
rice to feed their
Indochina and to prevent Chinese
the Vietnamese people, severing activity was encouraged by higher
starving
people.
The economies
influence "so that the peoples of
their ancestral ties with the land, command.
of
a
II
three
are
now totally
Indochina will not be hampered
that many social scientists
More recently, with the
dependent upon U.S. military
in their natural deVelopments by
describe it as "cultural genocide." gradual withdraw! of ground
aid. The war has so militarized
the pressure of alien people and
The ·strategy of eliminating troops, heavy emphasis has been
Indochina that 75 percent of all
alien interests." (The American
the villages has created in the. put on America's almost
production is for the military, by
influence and interests are,
south some 1.5 million refugees; undisputed air superiority. Major
the military and 70 percent of
naturally not alien to the . In Laos nearly 1 million or one parts of the U.S. military budgets
south Vietnam~s budget goes to
Indochinese.) Second, "to see
third of the population. in
si nee 1965 has gone to the the military.
installed a self-governing
Cambodia some 600,000. These scientific development of
nationalist state which will be
figures are from a 1971 report by
antipersonnel bombs. These
In fact, Americans pay for
friendly to the U.S. and which..
the Senate subcommittee on
bombs can be classified into three
two of the largest armies in the
. will be patterned upon our
Refugees. The report continues
categories ·· incendiary,
world, ours and south Vietnam's,
conception of a democratic
by explaining that the health
fragmentation, and gaseous.
state" oriented toward the West,
conditions for these relocated
Napalm is the most common
contributing to "a better
villagers are among the worst in
incendiary bomb. It is a chemical
balanced world economy."
the world. Most of these refugees
that when dispersed in the air,
Presidents Johnson and Nixon
have been created by massive
bursts immediately into flames,
have recognized that these goals
U.S. bambi ng, against south
indiscriminately frying people,
could not be realized as tong as
Vietnamese villages and suspected
houses, crops, animals. Since last
the communists retain popular
"enemy" supply routes (in Laos).
year a more effective napalm was
support. So U.S. military policy
In the current north Vietnamese
develeped that cannot be wiped
is aimed at eliminating that
offensive across the DMZ,
off the skin. Fragmentation
support through the strategy of
communist military strategy has
bombs are the most widely used
counterinsurgency.
changed from guerrilla to
antipersonnel weapon. They
PAGE EIGHT The Evergreen State College THE PAPER April14, 1972

in addition to the cost of
development and production of
extremely expensive
sophisticated weaponry. We also
support the entire armies of Laos
and Cambodia plus economic aid
to all three countries. This adds
up to well over 50 percent of the
U.S. budget.
Since most of this money goes
to the military, social reforms in
Indochina (except in north
Vietnam) are almost
non-existant. Sen. Kennedy's
investigations show that living
conditions in Laos and south
Vietnam are deplorable. Health
and education standards are
among the lowest in the world.
Saigon and other major cities like
Vientaine, Laos, have been
transformed into teeming slums,
full of homeless refugees, black
market profiteers, prostitutes of
both sexes, and drug traffickers.
Obviously, American involvement
in Indochina cannot stop with
the end of military hostilities,
when the governments are so
dependent on the U.S.
In conclusion, American
military policy in Indochina
against its people and culture has
been and continues to be
genocidal, for the purpose of
maintaining a military elite
friendly to Western capitalism.
Justifications for U.S. military
hostilities are in direct
contradiction to actual policies.
For example, bombing of north
Vietnam was resumed this Vl!eek,
because, according to Melvin
Laird, the communists violated a
1968 "understanding" to end the
accords. In point of fact, the
communists have never
recognized any such
understanding which was a
unilateral action by Johnson. The
U.S. has violated it and the
accords several times, by its own
admission. The U.S. claims the
treatment of POW's in the north
violates world agreements, when
in fact savage U.S. treatment of
south Vietnamese peasants is in
direct violation of war crime
agreements made after World War
11. Nixon claims he is winding
down U.S. involvement, when in
fact more bombs have been
dropped and as many Vietnamese
people killed "to protect
remaining American forces," as at
the height of U.S. esaclation
under Johnson.
For almost 20 years
Americans have been paying the
U.S. government to conduct a
savage war against the
Vietnamese people, using their
country as a testing grounds for
expensive sophisticated weapons.
Still no end is in sight. If the war
continues much longer,
Americans will be responsible for
the destruction of a people, a
culture, and the land of
Southeast Asia.

NEXT WEEK:

The electronic battlefield
Indochina: the next phose

Media

cpj0013.pdf